"Culture" works by having a system that collectively punishes cheaters, so that people learn from their own (or others') experiences and internalize that cheating is bad and won't pay off in the long term.

That's how you get a culture against cheating. You ensure that cheating doesn't pay, and eventually people learn that cheating doesn't pay. The enforcement is part of the culture.

The accuracy of measuring criminality also varies, yet you seem to take it at face value that those stats are accurate.

O and one person’s anecdote is better? I’ll take the stat if we’re wagering (500 Princeton seniors).

El Salvadorians (from The country) would starkly disagree with you. It took a dictator and a martial state (no human rights) to end maras in less than five years. The culture is the same.