This is "can" has exactly the same meaning as in "UB can make your programms faster". You could replace it with "it does, at least with clang". LTO is, in this regard, the same as UB, and unlike guaranteed optimizations, such as the single member optimization, or the empty base optimization.
replyConcretely, here, the UB-exploitation in question in this case is assuming that the "this" pointer in C++ is aligned and non-null, meaning it's a pervasive annotation throughout C++ codebases, not an edge-case.
replyRelying on LTO to "discover" this annotation through interprocedural analysis -- based on my experience of looking at LTO in practice -- will not be as comprehensive, and even when it works it accomplishes its task in an achingly-slow and expensive way.
This is a real devil-is-in-the-details case.
I love when papers disagree with their own abstracts.
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