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It is an ongoing crisis how much Alzheimer’s research was built on faked amyloid beta data. Potentially billions of dollars from public and private research which might have been spent elsewhere had a competing theory not been overshadowed by the initial fictitious results.
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The amyloid hypothesis is still the top candidate for at least a form of Alzheimer's. But yes, the issues with one of the early studies has caused significant issues.

I say "a form of Alzheimer's" because it is likely we are labelling a few different diseases as Alzheimer's.

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I went searching for more info on this and found https://www.science.org/content/blog-post/faked-beta-amyloid... which was an interesting read.
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Those studies were all run and paid for, many/most with public funding. Of course it matters.
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Reproducing a paper is Hard, and also Expensive. I'd expect that they wouldn't pick papers to try and reproduce at random.
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The issue is null results on these kinds of studies don’t actually mean much.

Here sample sizes were tiny, which introduced a vast amount of random noise. The fact so many studies where replicated suggests the vast majority of the underlying studies where valid not just the ones they could reproduce.

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