The same thing that differentiate a private car from public transportation or freight, I would think. This distinction isn't a particularly novel problem.
replyWe don't differentiate these in any significant way. Do buses in your country pay different rate for fuel?
replyThere are vans carrying 6 people on international routes in Europe, is this public transport? Private? Anyone can book it.
Well actually, lots of places have special fuel for farm vehicles that are exempt from certain taxes. It's dyed a certain colour so if you get caught with that colour of fuel in your vehicle you can get in trouble. So its not a crazy thing to suggest that we tax different fuel at different rates.
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