I work on maintaining a 3D rendering engine written completely in Typescript, along with using a custom, stripped down version of three.js that I rely on for primitives; and no amount of console.logging will help when you're trying to figure out exactly what's going wrong in a large rendering pipeline.
I do use console.logs heavily in my work, but the debugger and profiler are instrumental in providing seamless devex.
> TypeScript, Babel, template compilation, a bundler, a minifier
During development you have access to source maps, devtools will bind breakpoints, show original typescript code and remap call stacks across bundlers. All modern browsers support mapped debugging, also wrt profiling it can also be symbol mapped to the original sources which makes minified builds diagnosable if you ship proper source maps, which during development you ideally should.
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edit: additional info;
I would also like to say console.log and debugging/profiling are not in a competition. both are useful in different contexts.
for example I will always console.log a response from an API because I like having a nice nested representation that I can click through, I'll console.log objects, classes and everything to explore them in an easier way. this is also great for devex.
I'll use the debugger when I want to pause execution at an intermediate step; for example see the result of my renderer before the postprocessing step kicks in, stop it and inspect shader code before its executed. it's pretty useful.
As mentioned originally; these are TOOLS in your toolkit, you don't have to do a either/or between them.