This has, of course, not convinced the government to stop increasing debt. This is people's reaction to merely slightly reducing the rate of debt increase.
The problem is not even that the debt is too high, but because the state's demand for new debt just for this year is too high at the interest rates they're offering.
Leaving aside how moral this is or isn't, and the practical problems (like destroying businesses, and the fact that capital can't actually be sold at the price it is valued), it would block the state's ability to lend, which would immediately force the state to save 20 times more than what the protests are about.
Actually doing what every party is screaming they want to do (pay for the state using the rich's resources) would cause an immediate disaster. But this is France, that doesn't mean they won't do it.