This has been discussed/answered in other Nostr thread:
replyhttps://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45300004 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=45299986
The links you shared talk only about spam. They do not talk about illegal content like CSAM.
replyThere is no single approach as no central moderation exists. That's a feature.
replySo it's to relay operators in combination with WoT (web of trust) on the client (and sometimes relays)
Individual relay operators must detect and block it on their own. Same as Mastodon servers or other social platforms.
replyPublic relays take measures to deal with this. It was an issue early on, along with China spam.
Moderation happens at the relay level. So a relay operator would certainly ban someone posting CSAM content to their relay.
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