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> A judge telling me to give up my password is different than a dozen armed, masked secret police telling me to.

Yes, a judge is unlikely to order your execution if you refuse. Based on recent pattern of their behavior, masked secret police who are living their wildest authoritarian dreams are likely to execute you if you anger them (for example by refusing to comply with their desires).

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I don't practically see it happen, but you have to be careful once you are in a jail though, because there are often few limits on what the administration of the jail can do to you for any supposed violation of the jail rules (which they can legally make up on a whim, and due process is extremely limited). In Illinois, at least, a county Sheriff has unlimited power to punish a detainee in any extreme way they can imagine for even the very slightest infraction. There are no laws (statutes) which define what a "crime" is inside jail and what the punishment for it is. If it wasn't for SCOTUS limiting the death penalty to certain levels of behavior (e.g. murder) then a sheriff would be able to simply legally execute a detainee for pretty much anything.
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