I've received many emails from `root@localhost` over the years.
Admittedly, most residential ISPs block all SMTP traffic, and other email servers are likely to drop it or mark it as spam, but there's no strict requirement for auth.
Source? I've never seen that. Nobody could use their email provider of choice if that was the case.
Comcast blocks port 25: https://www.xfinity.com/support/articles/email-port-25-no-lo...
AT&T says "port 25 may be blocked from customers with dynamically-assigned Internet Protocol addresses", which is the majority of customers https://about.att.com/sites/broadband/network
What ISP are you using that isn't blocking port 25, and have you never had the misfortune of being stuck with comcast or AT&T as your only option?
Yep, at least in France it's like this for ISPs doing this IIRC.
Another thing usually sending mails is cron, but that should only go to the admin(s).
Some services might also display the host name somewhere in their UI.