(This problem is not just limited to social scientists. I think you could, for example, construct a plausible objection to dark matter as an "explanation" that just "saves appearances" on the same basis.)
What’s interesting about this paper is the suggestion that perhaps empiricism could do with a soft blur.
One might even invoke KJ Healy’s “Fuck Nuance” here as well.
Grounded theory is probabilistically correct. Deduction if correct, is actual reality.
Don't get me wrong, I want to love induction, I have William James of Pragmatism on my wall... but the problems with induction hurt me to my core. I know deduction has problems too, but the Platonic Realist in me loves the idea of magic truths.
I suspect that the 21st-century will continue to show better and more evidence for “mess” being the right cognitive container (or just garbage can à la James March). I don’t think induction will win but deduction will require more epicycles.