Depends how precisely you define novel - I don't think LLMs are yet capable of posing and solving interesting problems, but they have been used to address known problems, and in doing so have contributed novel work. Examples include Erdos Problem #728[0] (Terence Tao said it was solved "more or less autonomously" by an LLM), IMO problems (Deepmind, OpenAI and Huang 2025), GPT-5.2 Pro contributing a conjecture in particle physics[1], systems like AlphaEvolve leveraging LLMs + evolutionary algorithms to generate new, faster algorithms for certain problems[2].

[0] https://mathstodon.xyz/@tao/115855840223258103

[1] https://huggingface.co/blog/dlouapre/gpt-single-minus-gluons

[2] https://deepmind.google/blog/alphaevolve-a-gemini-powered-co...