This is true of packaging and build systems in general. They are often the passion projects of one or a handful of people in an organization - by the time they have active outside development, those idiosyncratic concepts are already ossified.
It's really rare to see these sorts of projects decomposed into building blocks even just having code organization that helps a newcomer understand. Despite all the code being out in public, all the important reasoning about why certain things are the way they are is trapped inside a few dev's heads.
This is a very insightful comment
Managers and executives are happy to hear that you made the builds faster or more reliable, so the infra people who care about this kind of thing don't waste time on design docs and instead focus on getting to a minimum prototype that demonstrates those improved metrics. Once you have that, then there's buy-in and the project is made official... but by then the bones have already been set in place, so design documentation ends up focused on the more visible stuff like user interface, storage formats, etc.
OTOH, bazel (as blaze) was a very intentionally designed second system at Google, and buildx/buildkit is similarly a rewrite of the container builder for Docker, so both of them should have been pretty free of accidental engineering in their early phases.
It's clear a ton of care has gone into the product, and I also appreciated you personally jumping onto some of my support tickets when I was just getting things off the ground.