In my files app i see "downloads" "images", "videos", "apps", "starred", "safe folder". In "images" i see pictures tagged "downloads", "camera", "DCIM", "screenshots" and one odd "2024-12-03_description_here" that I clearly names myself but don't remember doing that.
I have no clue how that maps to a physical phone filesystem, even though I know it's there. I'm sure teenagers don't know that too.
Yes there has been a Files app on iOS devices for well over a decade
Yes, which gets autosynced to my immich instance
I get that it's supposedly about security, but this is not the only secure way. It is however the most convenient secure way for Apple, as now the only simple method of backing up and syncing files through all those isolated containers is iCloud.