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I'm not sure converting the solar and battery to 48V, distributing it around, and converting it to the needed voltage at the point of use is any more efficient than inverting it into 230V and distributing it around.

Also, you'll need wires that 5 times thicker. Instead of needing a reasonably 1mm^2 for a normal 16A line, you'll need 5mm^2 for the same power.

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That'd be neat. But there's no standard for voltage for home solar: The batteries might be 12, 24, 48v, 60v, or even much more. Meanwhile, the panel arrays commonly output anything as low as 0V and up to ~600V. There's not much for rules and norms here.

Even if we were to standardize a low (<50V) voltage for DC distribution within homes, we'd still need ~120/240VAC to power big stuff, or we'd instead need even-larger conductors (more copper) than we use today to do the same work with low voltage.

But, sure -- we can play it out. So let's say we have an in-home 48VDC distribution standard and decide that this is the path forward and we enshrine it in law.

We need to convert whatever the solar system has available to 48VDC. Then, we need to distribute that 48VDC using a completely separate network of cabling. Finally, we still need to convert 48VDC to whatever it is that devices can actually use.

That's not representative of a reduction in steps, or an increase in efficiency.

That is instead just an increase in installed infrastructure expense, and a decrease in device compatibility. It takes what we have, which is simply universal (at least within any given geographical area) and adds complexity.

And for what? What's the perceived benefit?

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We live on societies, switching from AC to DC because your low-power home appliances doesn't need AC makes no sense. Home power usage is dominated by heating and cooling not by your 45w laptop charger.

DC infrastucture makes sense in highly specialised environments.... Like new gigawatt AI farms

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Large home appliances probably mostly need DC power these days too. Look at clothes washers: they all have variable-speed reversing motors, so they're probably using brushless DC motors (which use motor drives that are fed with DC, and output variable-frequency and variable-amplitude sinusoidal waves to drive the motor). HVAC seems to be similar, with variable-speed motors and compressors.

I don't think that much stuff is left which actually needs AC power (usually to run an AC induction motor).

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