That description is accurate, but that's more of an attention management problem then of a navigation problem. You have to infer information about opponent positioning based on partial information, while also moving your character with repeated clicks, each click requiring precision (and more of your attention). It's more like poker in real-time with timers than to remembering a whole city infrastructure or planning a full route.

If LoL trained you for ambulance work, the world would look something like: there are 5 hospitals, 3 patients, 15 roads; a hospital inspector goes from hospital to hospital, panicked hospital managers open that hospital for 5 hours after inspector is about to arrive; you have another ambulance friend that tells you from time to time info about last inspector location or how panicked the managers looked; infer open hospitals and inspector location such that your patient survives, while you also have to maintain a high Candy Crush score on your phone non-stop.

Only for high level strategy I would say. Generally you have to process lots of visual information and decide/act fast according to it.

There is a small mini-map where all heroes currently visible on the map are shown. A high level player would for example reason: "I saw the enemy carry farming there 30 seconds ago, so right now he is likely in that area".