This experience is familiar to every serious software engineer who has used AI code gen and then reviewed the output:
> But when I reviewed the codebase in detail in late January, the downside was obvious: the codebase was complete spaghetti14. I didn’t understand large parts of the Python source extraction pipeline, functions were scattered in random files without a clear shape, and a few files had grown to several thousand lines. It was extremely fragile; it solved the immediate problem but it was never going to cope with my larger vision,
Some people never get to the part where they review the code. They go straight to their LinkedIn or blog and start writing (or having ChatGPT write) posts about how manual coding is dead and they’re done writing code by hand forever.
Some people review the code and declare it unusable garbage, then also go to their social media and post how AI coding is completely useless and they’re not going to use it for anything.
This blog post shows the journey that anyone not in one of those two vocal minorities is going through right now: A realization that AI coding tools can be a large accelerator but you need to learn how to use them correctly in your workflow and you need to remain involved in the code. It’s not as clickbaity as the extreme takes that get posted all the time. It’s a little disappointing to read the part where they said hard work was still required. It is a realistic and balanced take on the state of AI coding, though.
I’ve been driving Claude as my primary coding interface the last three months at my job. Other than a different domain, I feel like I could have written this exact article.
The project I’m on started as a vibe-coded prototype that quickly got promoted to a production service we sell.
I’ve had to build the mental model after the fact, while refactoring and ripping out large chunks of nonsense or dead code.
But the product wouldn’t exist without that quick and dirty prototype, and I can use Claude as a goddamned chainsaw to clean up.
On Friday, I finally added a type checker pre-commit hook and fixed the 90 existing errors (properly, no type ignores) in ~2 hours. I tried full-agentic first, and it failed miserably, then I went through error by error with Claude, we tightened up some exiting types, fixed some clunky abstractions, and got a nice, clean result.
AI-assisted coding is amazing, but IMO for production code there’s no substitute for human review and guidance.
Then use ideation to architect, dive into details and tell the AI exactly what your choices are, how certain methods should be called, how logging and observability should be setup, what language to use, type checking, coding style (configure ruthless linting and formatting before you write a single line of code), what testing methodology, framework, unit, integration, e2e. Database, changes you will handle migrations, as much as possible so the AI is as confined as possible to how you would do it.
Then, create a plan file, have it manage it like a task list, and implement in parts, before starting it needs to present you a plan, in it you will notice it will make mistakes, misunderstand some things that you may me didn’t clarify before, or it will just forget. You add to AGENTS.md or whatever, make changes to the ai’s plan, tell it to update the plan.md and when satisfied, proceed.
After done, review the code. You will notice there is always something to fix. Hardcoded variables, a sql migration with seed data that should actually not be a migration, just generally crazy stuff.
The worst is that the AI is always very loose on requirements. You will notice all its fields are nullable, records have little to no validation, you report an error when testing and it tried to solve it with an brittle async solution, like LISTEN/NOTIFY or a callback instead of doing the architecturally correct solution. Things that at scale are hell to debug, especially if you did not write the code.
If you do this and iterate you will gradually end up with a solid harness and you will need to review less.
Then port it to other projects.
Personally, I think it's just the natural flow when you're starting out. If he keeps going, his opinion is going to change and as he gets to know it better, he'll likely go more and more towards vibecoding again.
It's hard to say why, but you get better at it. Even if it's really hard to really put into words why
It may actually be true. Your feeling might be right - but I strongly caution you against trusting that feeling until you can explain it. Something you can’t explain is something you don’t understand.
have you ever learned a skill? Like carving, singing, playing guitar, playing a video game, anything?
It's easy to get better at it without understanding why you're better at it. As a matter of fact, very very few people master the discipline enough to be able to grasp the reason for why they're actually better
Most people just come up with random shit which may or may not be related. Which I just abstained from.
This is something everyone who cares about improving in a skill does regularly - examine their improvement, the reasons behind it, and how to add to them. That’s the basis of self-driven learning.
And that's not really explainable without exploring specific examples. And now we're in thousands of words of explanation territory, hence my decision to say it's hard to put it into words.
For instance, if I say “I noticed I run better in my blue shoes than my red shoes” I did not learn anything. If I examine my shoes and notice that my blue shoes have a cushioned sole, while my red shoes are flat, I can combine that with thinking about how I run and learn that cushioned soles cause less fatigue to the muscles in my feet and ankles.
The reason the difference matters is because if I don’t do the learning step, when buy another pair of blue shoes but they’re flat soled, I’m back to square one.
Back to the real scenario, if you hold on to your ungrounded intuition re what tricks and phrasing work without understanding why, you may find those don’t work at all on a new model version or when forced to change to a different product due to price, insolvency, etc.
One thing I will add: I actually don’t think it’s wrong to start out building a vibe coded spaghetti mess for a project like this… provided you see it as a prototype you’re going to learn from and then throw away. A throwaway prototype is immensely useful because it helps you figure out what you want to build in the first place, before you step down a level and focus on closely guiding the agent to actually build it.
The author’s mistake was that he thought the horrible prototype would evolve into the real thing. Of course it could not. But I suspect that the author’s final results when he did start afresh and build with closer attention to architecture were much better because he has learned more about the requirements for what he wanted to build from that first attempt.
Previously, takes were necessarily shallower or not as insightful ("worked with caveats for me, ymmv") - there just wasn't enough data - although a few have posted fairly balanced takes (@mitsuhiko for example).
I don't think we've seen the last of hypers and doomers though.
But that's boring nerd shit and LLMs didn't change who thinks boring nerd shit is boring or cool.
Some people do find it unfun, saying it deprives them of the happy "flow" of banging out code. Reaching "flow" when prompting LLMs arguably requires a somewhat deeper understanding of them as a proper technical tool, as opposed to a complete black box, or worse, a crystal ball.
SWEs spend 20% of the time writing code for exactly the same reason brick-layers spend 20% of their time laying bricks
I use LLMs in my every day work. I’m also a strong critic of LLMs and absolutely loathe the hype cycle around them.
I have done some really cool things with copilot and Claude and I keep sharing them to within my working circle because I simply don’t want to interact that much with people who aren’t grounded on the subject.
I kinda like how you can just use it for anything you like. I have bazillion personal projects, I can now get help with, polish up, simplify, or build UI for, and it's nice. Anything from reverse engineering, to data extraction, to playing with FPGAs, is just so much less tedious and I can focus on the fun parts.
What’s really happening is that you’re all of those people in the beginning. Those people are you as you go through the experience. You’re excited after seeing it do the impossible and in later instances you’re critical of the imperfections. It’s like the stages of grief, a sort of Kübler-Ross model for AI.
If it generates the slop version in a week but it takes me 3 more weeks to clean it up, could I have I just done it right the first time myself in 4 weeks instead? How much money have I wasted in tokens?
Soooooo....
As one who hasn't taken the plunge yet -- I'm basically retired, but have a couple of projects I might want to use AI for -- "time" is not always fungible with, or a good proxy for, either "effort" or "motivation"
> How much money have I wasted in tokens?
This, of course, may be a legitimate concern.
> If it generates the slop version in a week but it takes me 3 more weeks to clean it up, could I have I just done it right the first time myself in 4 weeks instead?
This likewise may be a legitimate concern, but sometimes the motivation for cleaning up a basically working piece of code is easier to find that the motivation for staring at a blank screen and trying to write that first function.
Cleaning up agent slop code by hand is also a miserable experience and makes me hate my job. I do it already because at $DAYJOB because my boss thinks “investing” in third worlders for pennies on the dollar and just giving them a Claude subscription will be better than investing in technical excellence and leadership. The ROI on this strategy is questionable at best, at least at my current job. Code Review by humans is still the bottleneck and delivering proper working features has not accelerated because they require much more iteration because of slop.
Would much rather spend the time making my own artisanal tradslop instead if it’s gonna take me the same amount of time anyway - at least it’s more enjoyable.
I completely agree that this is the case right now, but I do wonder how long it will remain the case.
The AI’s are more than capable of producing a mountain of docs from which to rebuild, sanely. They’re really not that capable - without a lot of human pain - of making a shit codebase good.
I often see criticism towards projects that are AI-driven that assumes that codebase is crystalized in time, when in fact humans can keep iterating with AI on it until it is better. We don't expect an AI-less project to be perfect in 0.1.0, so why expect that from AI? I know the answer is that the marketing and Twitter/LinkedIn slop makes those claims, but it's more useful to see past the hype and investigate how to use these tools which are invariably here to stay
That's a big leap of faith and... kinda contradicts the article as I understood it.
My experience is entirely opposite (and matches my understanding of the article): vibing from the start makes you take orders of magnitude more time to perfect. AI is a multiplier as an assistant, but a divisor as an engineer.
1. Autocomplete. Pretty simple; you only accept auto-completes you actually want, as you manually write code.
2. Software engineering design and implementation workflow. The AI makes a plan, with tasks. It commits those plans to files. It starts sub-agents to tackle the tasks. The subagents create tests to validate the code, then writes code to pass the tests. The subagents finish their tasks, and the AI agent does a review of the work to see if it's accurate. Multiple passes find more bugs and fix them in a loop, until there is nothing left to fix.
I'm amazed that nobody thinks the latter is a real thing that works, when Claude fucking Code has been produced this way for like 6 months. There's tens of thousands of people using this completely vibe-coded software. It's not a hoax.
also Claude Code is notoriously poorly built, so I wouldn't tout it as SOTA
And people can look at the results (illegally) because that whole bunch of code has been leaked. Let's just say it's not looking good. These are the folks who actually made and trained Claude to begin with, they know the model more than anyone else, and the code is still absolute garbage tier by sensible human-written code quality standards.
Professional software engineers like many of us have a big blind spot when it comes to AI coding, and that's a fixation on code quality.
It makes sense to focus on code quality. We're not wrong. After all, we've spent our entire careers in the code. Bad code quality slows us down and makes things slow/insecure/unreliable/etc for end users.
However, code quality is becoming less and less relevant in the age of AI coding, and to ignore that is to have our heads stuck in the sand. Just because we don't like it doesn't mean it's not true.
There are two forces contributing to this: (1) more people coding smaller apps, and (2) improvements in coding models and agentic tools.
We are increasingly moving toward a world where people who aren't sophisticated programmers are "building" their own apps with a user base of just one person. In many cases, these apps are simple and effective and come without the bloat that larger software suites have subjected users to for years. The code is simple, and even when it's not, nobody will ever have to maintain it, so it doesn't matter. Some apps will be unreliable, some will get hacked, some will be slow and inefficient, and it won't matter. This trend will continue to grow.
At the same time, technology is improving, and the AI is increasingly good at designing and architecting software. We are in the very earliest months of AI actually being somewhat competent at this. It's unlikely that it will plateau and stop improving. And even when it finally does, if such a point comes, there will still be many years of improvements in tooling, as humanity's ability to make effective use of a technology always lags far behind the invention of the technology itself.
So I'm right there with you in being annoyed by all the hype and exaggerated claims. But the "truth" about AI-assisted coding is changing every year, every quarter, every month. It's only trending in one direction. And it isn't going to stop.
Strongly disagree with this thesis, and in fact I'd go completely the opposite: code quality is more important than ever thanks to AI.
LLM-assisted coding is most successful in codebases with attributes strongly associated with high code quality: predictable patterns, well-named variables, use of a type system, no global mutable state, very low mutability in general, etc.
I'm using AI on a pretty shitty legacy area of a Python codebase right now (like, literally right now, Claude is running while I type this) and it's struggling for the same reason a human would struggle. What are the columns in this DataFrame? Who knows, because the dataframe is getting mutated depending on the function calls! Oh yeah and someone thought they could be "clever" and assemble function names via strings and dynamically call them to save a few lines of code, awesome! An LLM is going to struggle deciphering this disasterpiece, same as anyone.
Meanwhile for newer areas of the code with strict typing and a sensible architecture, Claude will usually just one-shot whatever I ask.
edit: I see most replies are saying basically the same thing here, which is an indicator.
It actually becomes more and more relevant. AI constantly needs to reread its own code and fit it into its limited context, in order to take it as a reference for writing out new stuff. This means that every single code smell, and every instance of needless code bloat, actually becomes a grievous hazard to further progress. Arguably, you should in fact be quite obsessed about refactoring and cleaning up what the AI has come up with, even more so than if you were coding purely for humans.
Strong disagree. I just watched a team spend weeks trying to make a piece of code work with AI because the vibe coded was spaghetti garbage that even the AI couldn’t tell what needed to be done and was basically playing ineffective whackamole - it would fix the bug you ask it by reintroducing an old bug or introducing a new bug because no one understood what was happening. And humans couldn’t even step in like normal because no one understood what’s going on.
In 1998, I'm sure there were newspaper companies who failed at transitioning online, didn't get any web traffic, had unreliable servers crashed, etc. This says very little about what life would be like for the newspaper industry in 1999, 2000, 2005, 2010, and beyond.
AI will get better at making good maintainable and explainable code because that’s what it takes to actually solve problems tractably. But saying “code quality doesn’t matter because AI” is definitely not true both experientially and as a prediction. Will AI do a better job in the future? Sure. But because their code quality improves not because it’s less important.
Guns, wheels, cars, ships, batteries, televisions, the internet, smartphones, airplanes, refrigeration, electric lighting, semiconductors, GPS, solar panels, antibiotics, printing presses, steam engines, radio, etc. The pattern is obvious, the forces are clear and well-studied.
If there is (1) a big gap between current capabilities and theoretical limits, (2) huge incentives for those who to improve things, (3) no alternative tech that will replace or outcompete it, (4) broad social acceptance and adoption, and (5) no chance of the tech being lost or forgotten, then technological improvement is basically a guarantee.
These are all obviously true of AI coding.
It is absolutely the case that virtual reality technology will only get better over time. Maybe it'll take 5, or 10, or 20, or 40 years, but it's almost a certainty that we'll eventually see better AR/VR tech in the future than we have in the past.
Would you bet against that? You'd be crazy to imo.
Whether what they're using in 20 years is produced by the company formerly known as Facebook or not is a whole different question.
Spaghetti code is still spaghetti code. Something that should be a small change ends up touching multiple parts of the codebase. Not only does this increase costs, it just compounds the next time you need to change this feature.
I don't see why this would be a reality that anyone wants. Why would you want an agent going in circles, burning money and eventually finding the answer, if simpler code could get it there faster and cheaper?
Maybe one day it'll change. Maybe there will be a new AI technology which shakes up the whole way we do it. But if the architecture of LLMs stays as it is, I don't see why you wouldn't want to make efficient use of the context window.
I said that (a) apps are getting simpler and smaller in scope and so their code quality matters less, and (b) AI is getting better at writing good code.
> However, code quality is becoming less and less relevant in the age of AI coding, and to ignore that is to have our heads stuck in the sand. Just because we don't like it doesn't mean it's not true.
> [...]
> We are increasingly moving toward a world where people who aren't sophisticated programmers are "building" their own apps with a user base of just one person. In many cases, these apps are simple and effective and come without the bloat that larger software suites have subjected users to for years. The code is simple, and even when it's not, nobody will ever have to maintain it, so it doesn't matter. Some apps will be unreliable, some will get hacked, some will be slow and inefficient, and it won't matter. This trend will continue to grow.
But I don't see how it can be used as an argument for "code quality is becoming less and less relevant".
If AI is producing 10 times more lines that are necessary to achieve the goal, that's more resources used. With the prices of RAM and SSD skyrocketing, I don't see it as a positive for regular users. If they need to buy a new computer to run their vibecoded app, are they really reaping the benefits?
But what's more concerning to me is: where do we draw the line?
Let's say it's fine to have a garbage vibecoded app running only on its "creator" computer. Even if it gobbles gigabytes of RAM and is absolutely not secured. Good.
But then, if "code quality is becoming less and less relevant", does this also applies to public/professional apps?
In our modern societies we HAVE to use dozens of software everyday, whether we want it or not, whether we actually directly interact with them or not.
Are you okay with your power company cutting power because their vibecoded monitoring software mistakenly thought you didn't paid your bills?
Are you okay with an autonomous car driving over your kid because its vibecoded software didn't saw them?
Are you okay with cops coming to your door at 5AM because a vibecoded tool reported you as a terrorist?
Personally, I'm not.
People can produce all the trash they want on their own hardware. But I don't want my life to be ruled by software that were not given the required quality controls they must have had.
I'm curious about software that's actively used but nobody maintains it. If it's a personal anecdote, that's fine as well
It's the opposite, code quality is becoming more and more relevant. Before now you could only neglect quality for so long before the time to implement any change became so long as to completely stall out a project.
That's still true, the only thing AI has changed is it's let you charge further and further into technical debt before you see the problems. But now instead of the problems being a gradual ramp up it's a cliff, the moment you hit the point where the current crop of models can't operate on it effectively any more you're completely lost.
> We are in the very earliest months of AI actually being somewhat competent at this. It's unlikely that it will plateau and stop improving.
We hit the plateau on model improvement a few years back. We've only continued to see any improvement at all because of the exponential increase of money poured into it.
> It's only trending in one direction. And it isn't going to stop.
Sure it can. When the bubble pops there will be a question: is using an agent cost effective? Even if you think it is at $200/month/user, we'll see how that holds up once the cost skyrockets after OpenAI and Anthropic run out of money to burn and their investors want some returns.
Think about it this way: If your job survived the popularity of offshoring to engineers paid 10% of your salary, why would AI tooling kill it?
What you're missing is that fewer and fewer projects are going to need a ton of technical depth.
I have friends who'd never written a line of code in their lives who now use multiple simple vibe-coded apps at work daily.
> We hit the plateau on model improvement a few years back. We've only continued to see any improvement at all because of the exponential increase of money poured into it.
The genie is out of the bottle. Humanity is not going to stop pouring more and more money into AI.
> Sure it can. When the bubble pops there will be a question: is using an agent cost effective? Even if you think it is at $200/month/user, we'll see how that holds up once the cost skyrockets after OpenAI and Anthropic run out of money to burn and their investors want some returns.
The AI bubble isn't going to pop. This is like saying the internet bubble is going to pop in 1999. Maybe you will be right about short term economic trends, but the underlying technology is here to stay and will only trend in one direction: better, cheaper, faster, more available, more widely adopted, etc.
Again it's the opposite. A landscape of vibe coded micro apps is a landscape of buggy, vulnerable, points of failure. When you buy a product, software or hardware, you do more than buy the functionality you buy the assurance it will work. AI does not change this. Vibe code an app to automate your lightbulbs all you like, but nobody is going to be paying millions of dollars a year on vibe coded slop apps and apps like that is what keeps the tech industry afloat.
> Humanity is not going to stop pouring more and more money into AI.
There's no more money to pour into it. Even if you did, we're out of GPU capacity and we're running low on the power and infrastructure to run these giant data centres, and it takes decades to bring new fabs or power plants online. It is physically impossible to continue this level of growth in AI investment. Every company that's invested into AI has done so on the promise of increased improvement, but the moment that stops being true everything shifts.
> The AI bubble isn't going to pop. This is like saying the internet bubble is going to pop in 1999.
The internet bubble did pop. What happened after is an assessment of how much the tech is actually worth, and the future we have now 26 years later bears little resemblance to the hype in 1999. What makes you think this will be different?
Once the hype fades, the long-term unsuitability for large projects becomes obvious, and token costs increase by ten or one hundred times, are businesses really going to pay thousands of dollars a month on agent subscriptions to vibe code little apps here and there?
This is what everyone says when technology democratizes something that was previously reserved for a small number of experts.
When the printing press was invented, scribes complained that it would lead to a flood of poorly written, untrustworthy information. And you know what? It did. And nobody cares.
When the web was new, the news media complained about the same thing. A landscape of poorly researched error-ridden microblogs with spelling mistakes and inaccurate information. And you know what? They were right. That's exactly what the internet led to. And now that's the world we live in, and 90% of those news media companies are dead or irrelevant.
And here you are continuing the tradition of discussing a new landscape of buggy, vulnerable products. And the same thing will happen and already is happening. People don't care. When you democratize technology and you give people the ability to do something useful they never could do before without having to spend years becoming an expert, they do it en masse, and they accept the tradeoffs. This has happened time and time again.
> The internet bubble did pop... the future we have now 26 years later bears little resemblance to the hype in 1999. What makes you think this will be different?
You cut out the part where I said it only popped economically, but the technology continued to improve. And the situation we have now is even better than the hype in 1999:
They predicted video on demand over the internet. They predicted the expansion of broadband. They predicted the dominance of e-commerce. They predicted incumbents being disrupted. All of this happened. Look at the most valuable companies on earth right now.
If anything, their predictions were understated. They didn't predict mobile, or social media. They thought that people would never trust SaaS because it's insecure. They didn't predict Netflix dominating Hollywood. The internet ate MORE than they thought it would.
What part of renting your ability to do your job is "democratizing"? The current state of AI is the literal opposite. Same for local models that require thousands of dollars of GPUs to run.
Over the past 20 years software engineering has become something that just about anyone can do with little more than a shitty laptop, the time and effort, and an internet connection. How is a world where that ability is rented out to only those that can pay "democratic"?
> When the printing press was invented, scribes complained that it would lead to a flood of poorly written, untrustworthy information. And you know what? It did. And nobody cares.
A bad book is just a bad book. If a novel is $10 at the airport and it's complete garbage then I'm out $10 and a couple of hours. As you say, who cares. A bad vibe coded app and you've leaked your email inbox and bank account and you're out way more than $10. The risk profile from AI is way higher.
Same is even more true for businesses. The cost of a cyberattack or a outage is measured in the millions of dollars. It's a simple maths, the cost of the risk of compromise far oughtweights the cost of cheaper upfront software.
> You cut out the part where I said it only popped economically, but the technology continued to improve.
The improvement in AI models requires billions of dollars a year in hardware, infrastructure, end energy. Do you think that investors will continue to pour that level of investment into improving AI models for a payout that might only come ten to fifteen years down the road? Once the economic bubble pops, the models we have are the end of the road.
This is my experience. Tests are perhaps the most challenging part of working with AI.
What’s especially awful is any refactor of existing shit code that does not have tests to begin with, and the feature is confusing or inappropriately and unknowingly used multiple places elsewhere.
AI will write test cases that the logic works at all (fine), but the behavior esp what’s covered in an integration test is just not covered at all.
I don’t have a great answer to this yet, especially because this has been most painful to me in a React app, where I don’t know testing best practices. But I’ve been eyeing up behavior driven development paired with spec driven development (AI) as a potential answer here.
Curious if anyone has an approach or framework for generating good tests
The tricky part of unit tests is coming up with creative mocks and ways to simulate various situations based on the input data, w/o touching the actual code.
For integration tests, it's massaging the test data and inputs to hit every edge case of an endpoint.
For e2e tests, it's massaging the data, finding selectors that aren't going to break every time the html is changed, and trying to winnow down to the important things to test - since exhaustive e2e tests need hours to run and are a full-time job to maintain. You want to test all the main flows, but also stuff like handling a back-end system failure - which doesn't get tested in smoke tests or normal user operations.
That's a ton of creativity for AI to handle. You pretty much have to tell it every test and how to build it.
Pull out as many pure functions as possible and exhaustively test the input and output mappings.
This could likely be extracted much easier now from the new code, but imagine API docs or a mapping of the logical ruleset with interwoven commentary - other devtools could be built easily, bug analysis could be done on the structure of rules independent of code, optimizations could be determined on an architectural level, etc.
LLMs need humans to know what to build. If generating code becomes easy, codifying a flexible context or understanding becomes the goal that amplifies what can be generated without effort.
1) All-knowing oracle which is lightly prompted and develops whole applications from requirements specification to deployable artifacts. Superficial, little to no review of the code before running and committing.
2) An additional tool next to their already established toolset to be used inside or alongside their IDE. Each line gets read and reviewed. The tool needs to defend their choices and manual rework is common for anything from improving documentation to naming things all the way to architectural changes.
Obviously anything in between as well being viable. 1) seems like a crazy dead-end to me if you are looking to build a sustainable service or a fulfilling career.
This is a great article. I’ve been trying to see how layered AI use can bridge this gap but the current models do seem to be lacking in the ambiguous design phase. They are amazing at the local execution phase.
Part of me thinks this is a reflection of software engineering as a whole. Most people are bad at design. Everyone usually gets better with repetition and experience. However, as there is never a right answer just a spectrum of tradeoffs, it seems difficult for the current models to replicate that part of the human process.
In one of the cases, I was searching for a way to extract a bunch of code that 5-6 queries had in common. Whatever this thing was, its parameters would have to include an array/tuple of IDs, and a parameter that would alter the table being selected from, neither of which is allowed in a clickhouse parameterized view. I could write a normal view for this, but performance would’ve been atrocious given ClickHouse’s ok-but-not-great query optimizer.
I asked AI for alternatives, and to discuss the pros and cons of each. I brought up specific scenarios and asked it how it thought the code would work. I asked it to bring what it knew about SQL’s relational algebra to find the an elegant solution.
It finally suggested a template (we’re using Go) to include another sql file, where the parameter is a _named relation_. It can be a CTE or a table, but it doesn’t matter as long as it has the right columns. Aside from poor tooling that doesn’t find things like typos, it’s been a huge win, much better than the duplication. And we have lots of tests that run against the real database to catch those typos.
Maybe this kind of thing exists out there already (if it does, tell me!) but I probably wouldn’t have found it.
I just extended that demo to one that runs the resulting Pyodide library in a browser with a playground interface for trying it out: https://tools.simonwillison.net/syntaqlite
Unfortunately, AI seems to be divisive. I hope we will find our way back eventually. I believe the lessons from this era will reverberate for a long time and all sides stand to learn something.
As for me, I can’t help but notice there is a distinct group of developers that does not get it. I know because they are my colleagues. They are good people and not unintelligent, but they are set in their ways. I can imagine management forcing them to use AI, which at the moment is not the case, because they are such laggards. Even I sometimes want to “confront” them about their entire day wasted on something even the free ChatGPT would have handled adequately in a minute or two. It’s sad to see actually.
We are not doing important things and we ourselves are not geniuses. We know that or at least I know that. I worry for the “regular” developer, the one that is of average intellect like me. Lacking some kind of (social) moat I fear many of us will not be able to ride this one out into retirement.
I am a technologist. But I am seriously concerned about the ecological consequences of the training and usage of AI. To me, the true laggards are those, who have not understood yet, that climate change requires a prudent use of our resources.
I don't mind people having fun or being productive with AI. But I do mind it when AI is presented as the only way of doing things.
Only an AI would bother to create a throwaway account to post such a shallow comment that is mostly fearmongering to push people to use AI.
I now have several projects going in languages that I've never used. I have a side project in Rust, and two Go projects. I have a few decades experience with backend development in Java, Kotlin (last ten years) and occasionally python. And some limited experience with a few other languages. I know how to structurer backend projects, what to look for, what needs testing, etc.
A lot of people would insist you need to review everything the AI generates. And that's very sensible. Except AI now generates code faster than I can review it. Our ability to review is now the bottleneck. And when stuff kind of works (evidenced by manual and automated testing), what's the right point to just say it's good enough? There are no easy answers here. But you do need to think about what an acceptable level of due diligence is. Vibe coding is basically the equivalent of blindly throwing something at the wall and seeing what sticks. Agentic engineering is on the opposite side of the spectrum.
I actually emphasize a lot of quality attributes in my prompts. The importance of good design, high cohesiveness, low coupling, SOLID principles, etc. Just asking for potential refactoring with an eye on that usually yields a few good opportunities. And then all you need to do is say "sounds good, lets do it". I get a little kick out of doing variations on silly prompts like that. "Make it so" is my favorite. Once you have a good plan, it doesn't really matter what you type.
I also ask critical questions about edge cases, testing the non happy path, hardening, concurrency, latency, throughput, etc. If you don't, AIs kind of default to taking short cuts, only focus on the happy path, or hallucinate that it's all fine, etc. But this doesn't necessarily require detailed reviews to find out. You can make the AI review code and produce detailed lists of everything that is wrong or could be improved. If there's something to be found, it will find it if you prompt it right.
There's an art to this. But I suspect that that too is going to be less work. A lot of this stuff boils down to evolving guardrails to do things right that otherwise go wrong. What if AIs start doing these things right by default? I think this is just going to get better and better.
Oof, this hit very close to home. My workplace recently got, as a special promotion, unlimited access to a coding agents with free access to all the frontier models, for a limited period of time. I find it extremely hard to end my workday when I get into the "one more prompt" mindset, easily clocking 12-hour workdays without noticing.
It is really good for getting up to speed with frameworks and techniques though, like they mentioned.
> But when I reviewed the codebase in detail in late January, the downside was obvious: the codebase was complete spaghetti...It was extremely fragile; it solved the immediate problem but it was never going to cope with my larger vision...I decided to throw away everything and start from scratch
This part was interesting to me as it lines up with Fred Brooks "throw one away" philosophy: "In most projects, the first system built is barely usable. Hence plan to throw one away; you will, anyhow."
As indicated by the experience, AI tools provide a much faster way of getting to that initial throw-away version. That's their bread and butter for where they shine.
Expecting AI tools to go directly to production quality is a fool's errand. This is the right way to use AI - get a quick implementation, see how it works and learn from it but then refactor and be opinionated about the design. It's similar to TDD's Red, Green, Refactor: write a failing test, get the test passing ASAP without worrying about code quality, refactor to make the code better and reliable.
In time, after this hype cycle has died down, we'll come to realize that this is the best way to make use of AI tools over the long run.
> When I had energy, I could write precise, well-scoped prompts and be genuinely productive. But when I was tired, my prompts became vague, the output got worse
This part also echoes my experience - when I know well what I want, I'm able to write more specific specifications and guide along the AI output. When I'm not as clear, the output is worse and I need to spend a lot more time figuring it out or re-prompting.
I didn't have to review the code for understanding what Claude did, I reviewed it for verifying that it did what it had been told.
It's also nuts to me that he had to go back in later to build in tests and validation. The second there is an input able to be processed, you bet I have tests covering it. The second a UI is being rendered, I have Playwright taking screenshots (or gtksnapshot for my linux desktop tools).
I think people who are seeing issues at the integration phase of building complex apps are having that happen because they're not keeping the limited context in mind, and preempting those issues by telling their tools exactly how to bridge those gaps themselves.
It also reduces my hesitation to get started with something I don't know the answer well enough yet. Time 'wasted' on vibe-coding felt less painful than time 'wasted' on heads-down manual coding down a rabbit hole.
I like this a lot. It suggests that AI use may sometimes incentivize people to get better at metacognition rather than worse. (It won't in cases where the output is good enough and you don't care.)
When I ported pikchr (also from the SQLite project) to Go, I first ported lemon, then the grammar, then supporting code.
I always meant to do the same for its SQL parser, but pikchr grammar is orders of magnitude simpler.
Nowhere is this more obvious in my current projects than with CRUD interface building. It will go nuts building these elaborate labyrinths and I’m sitting there baffled, bemused, foolishly hoping that THIS time it would recognise that a single SQL query is all that’s needed. It knows how to write complex SQL if you insist, but it never wants to.
But even with those frustrations, damn it is a lot faster than writing it all myself.
Most of my questions are "in one sentence respond: long rambling context and question"
I have several Open Source projects and wanted to refactor them for a decade. A week ago I sat down with Google Gemini and completely refactored three of my libraries. It has been an amazing experience.
What’s a game changer for me is the feedback loop. I can quickly validate or invalidate ideas, and land at an API I would enjoy to use.
Ideally: local; offline.
Or do I have to wrestle it for 250 hours before it coughs up the dough? Last time I tried, the AI systems struggled with some of the most basic C code.
It seemed fine with Python, but then my cat can do that.
For local/offline Qwen 2.5 Coder 32B is probably your strongest option if you have the VRAM (or can run it quantized). Handles C better than most other local models in my experience.
By extraordinary coincidence, I was just a moment ago part-of-the-way through re-watching The Matrix (1999) and paused it to check Hacker News. There your reply greeted me.
Wild glitch!
Seconded!
90 percent of the things users want either A) dont exist or B) are impossible to find, install and run without being deeply technical.
These things dont need to scale, they dont need to be well designed. They are for the most part targeted, single user, single purpose, artifacts. They are migration scripts between services, they are quick and dirty tools that make bad UI and workflows less manual and more managable.
These are the use cases I am seeing from people OUTSIDE the tech sphere adopt AI coding for. It is what "non techies" are using things like open claw for. I have people who in the past would have been told "No, I will not fix your computer" talk to me excitedly about running cron jobs.
Not everything needs to be snap on quality, the bulk of end users are going to be happy with harbor freight quality because it is better than NO tools at all.
But it does a good job of countering the narrative you often see on LinkedIn, and to some extent on HN as well, where AI is portrayed as all-capable of developing enterprise software. If you spend any time in discussions hyping AI, you will have seen plenty of confident claims that traditional coding is dead and that AI will replace it soon. Posts like this is useful because it shows a more grounded reality.
> 90 percent of the things users want either A) dont exist or B) are impossible to find, install and run without being deeply technical. These things dont need to scale, they dont need to be well designed. They are for the most part targeted, single user, single purpose, artifacts.
Yes, that is a particular niche where AI can be applied effectively. But many AI proponents go much further and argue that AI is already capable of delivering complex, production-grade systems. They say, you don't need engineers anymore. They say, you only need product owners who can write down the spec. From what I have seen, that claim does not hold up and this article supports that view.
Many users may not be interested in scalability and maintainability... But for a number of us, including the OP and myself, the real question is whether AI can handle situations where scalability, maintainability and sound design DO actually matter. The OP does a good job of understanding this.
There is no doubt that when used in the right way an AI coding assistant can be very helpful, but using it in the right way does not result in the fantastic productivity-increasing factors claimed by some. TFA describes a way of using AI that seems right and it also describes the temptations of using AI wrong, which must be resisted.
More important is whether the productivity improvement is worth a subscription price. Nothing that I have seen until now convinces me about this.
On the other hand, I believe that running locally a good open-weights coding assistant, so that you do not have to worry about token price or about exceeding subscription limits in a critical moment, is very worthwhile.
Unfortunately, thieves like Altman have ensured that running locally has become much more difficult than last year, due to the huge increases in the prices of DRAM and of SSDs. In January I have been forced to replace an old mini-PC, but I was forced to put in the new mini-PC only 32 GB of DDR5, the same as in the 7-year old replaced mini-PC. If I had made the upgrade a few months earlier, I would have put in it 96 GB, which would have made it much more useful. Fortunately, I also have older computers with 64 GB or 128 GB DRAM, where bigger LLMs may be run.
This is one thing I also wonder about. If it's a really good programming helper, making 20% of your job 5x faster, then you can compute the value. Say for a $250K SWE this looks like $40k/year roughly. You don't want to hand 100% of that value to the LLM providers or you've just broken even, so then maybe it is worth $200/mo.
For now, there is a lot of unpredictability in the future cost of AI, whenever you do not host it yourself.
If you pay per token, it is extremely hard to predict how many tokens you will need. If you have an apparently fixed subscription, it is very hard to predict whether you will not hit limits in the most inconvenient moment, after which you will have to wait for a day or so for the limits to be reset.
Recently, there have been a lot of stories where the AI providers seem to try to reduce continuously the limits allowed by a subscription. There is also a lot of incertitude about future raises of the subscription prices, as the most important providers appear to use prices below their expenses, for now.
Therefore, while I agree with you that when something provides definite benefits you should be able to assess whether paying for it provides a net gain for you, I do not believe that using an externally-hosted AI coding assistant qualifies for such an assessment, at least not for now.
After I have written the above, that the future cost of externally-hosted AI coding assistants is unpredictable, what I have written was confirmed by an OpenAI press release that the existing Codex users will be migrated during the following weeks towards token-based pricing rates.
Such events will not affect you if you use an open-weights assistant running on your own HW, when you do not have to care about token usage.
https://techcrunch.com/2025/03/11/google-has-given-anthropic...
They don't care. They want software engineers replaced by any means necessary. They know generative AI isn't a big business, that is why they slowwalk it themselves.
Replacement won't work of course, that is why marketing blog posts are needed.
Expanding a thought beyond 280 characters and publishing it somewhere other than the X outrage machine is something we should be encouraging.