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I also add the observation that while the dynamic typing languages are all growing in the direction of the statically-typed languages, no statically-typed language (that I know of) is adding a lot of dynamically-typed features. If anything the static languages trend towards more static typing. Which doesn't mean the optimum is necessarily "100% in the direction of static typing", the costs of more static typing do eventually overwhelm the benefits by almost any standard, but the trend is universal and fairly clear.

I kind of think there's room for a new dynamically-typed language that is designed around being fast to execute and doesn't cost such a huge performance multiple right off the top, and starts from day 1 to be multi-thread capable, but on the whole the trend is clearly in the direction of static typing.

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> I kind of think there's room for a new dynamically-typed language that is designed around being fast to execute and doesn't cost such a huge performance multiple right off the top, and starts from day 1 to be multi-thread capable, but on the whole the trend is clearly in the direction of static typing.

Other than the "new" qualifier, Lisp supports all of that - SBCL compiles to native code, ecl/gcl compile to C (IIRC), etc.

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Some languages have only a single type, e.g. BrainFuck only has "byte". Shells tend to only have "string" as a fundamental type, and some helpers to do things like split strings on a separator & iterate over the elements or to treat strings as numbers to do arithmetic. Such single-type languages tend to be esoteric and/or difficult to program in, since every sort of data manipulation not supported by that type has to be done at runtime, by the programmer.
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> Such single-type languages tend to be esoteric and/or difficult to program in, since every sort of data manipulation not supported by that type has to be done at runtime, by the programmer.

It depends; I recall programming in Tcl in the late 90s, and that has only the string and the list as datatypes, but it felt very powerful, like Lisp but without the easy syntax.

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Powerful, yes. Easy to program in, no.
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