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I remember looking trying to build something like this 6 years ago[0]. There are some interesting APIs for injecting click/keystroke events directly into Cocoa, and other APIs for reading framebuffers for apps that aren't in the foreground.

In particular there was some prior art that I found for doing it from the OpenQwaQ project, which was a GPLv2 3D virtual world project in Squeak/Smalltalk started by Alan Kay[1] back in 2011.

If I recall correctly, it worked well for native apps, but didn't work well for Chromium/Electron apps because they would use an API for grabbing the global mouse position rather than reading coordinates from events.

[0]: https://github.com/antimatter15/microtask/blob/master/cocoa/... [1]: https://github.com/OpenFora/openqwaq/blob/189d6b0da1fb136118...

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Probably accessibility APIs
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Which specific ones though allow you to send input to a window without raising it? People have been trying to do "focus follows mouse [without auto raise]" for a long time on mac, and the synthetic event equivalent to command+click is the only discovered method I'm aware of, e.g. used in https://github.com/sbmpost/AutoRaise

There is also this old blog post by Yegge [1] which mentions `AXUIElementPostKeyboardEvent` but there were plenty of bugs with that, and I haven't seen anyone else build on it. I guess the modern equivalent is `CGEventPostToPSN`/`CGEventPostToPid`. I guess it's a good candidate though, perhaps the Sky team they acquired knows the right private APIs to use to get this working.

Edit: The thread at [2] also has some interesting tidbits, such as Automator.app having "Watch Me Do" which can also do this, and a CLI tool that claims to use the CGEventPostToPid API [3]. Maybe there's more ways to do it than I realized.

[1] https://steve-yegge.blogspot.com/2008/04/settling-osx-focus-... [2] https://www.macscripter.net/t/keystroke-to-background-app-as... [3] https://github.com/socsieng/sendkeys

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Maybe they used Claude to come up with a good method to do this. /s

But I was also wondering, how this even works. The AI agent can have its own cursors and none of its actions interrupt my own workflow at all? Maybe I need to try this.

Also, this sounds like it would be very expensive since from my understanding each app frame needs to be analysed as an image first, which is pretty token intensive.

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Citrix

/s

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