We're nowhere near physical heat transfer limits. CNTs and monoisotopic diamond perform much better than silver. The latter can even be used as substrate.
replyYou don't need to keep shrinking features. Brute forcing is highly parallel; to break a key within a certain time frame all you need is a large enough quantity of chips. While it's in the realm of science fiction today, in a few centuries we might have nanorobots that can tile the entire surface of mars with processors. That would get you enough orders of magnitude of additional compute to break a 128 bit key. 256 bit would probably still be out though.
replyClassical brute force is embarrassingly parallel, but Grover's algorithm (the quantum version) isn't. To the extent you parallelize it, you lose the quantum advantage, which means that to speed it up by a factor of N, you need N^2 processors.
The article discusses this in detail, and calculates that "This means we’ll need 140 trillion quantum circuits of 724 logical qubits each operating in parallel for 10 years to break AES-128 with Grover’s."
replySo then why is quantum always touted as being able to possibly beat AES ?
replyBecause some people make their living from the vague possibly it might work one day. It's the cold fusion of computing.
replyThe power and heat are the issues for that, though. Think about how much energy and heat are used/generated in the chips we have now. If we tiled out those chips to be 20 orders of magnitude larger… where is the heat going to go, and where is the energy coming from?
replyIn my example I had imagined that your nanobots would also create solar panels and radiators for the chips you were tiling the surface of mars with. This is why it needs to be done on the surface instead of underground somewhere.
replyBy the time you built this machine, someone could just bump to 256 bit AES and you suddenly need a billion Marses covered in chips.
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