There's no mode spelled the same ("High Performance") - and I don't think Linuxes universally do this:

> Processors are always locked at the highest performance state (including "turbo" frequencies).

Unless performance state means something idiosyncratic in MS terminology.

Normally you'd want to let idle apply power saving measures including downclocking to donate some unused power envelope to busy cores, increasing overall performance.

But this varies across various Linux based platforms. For example on RHEL (https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_...):

"throughput-performance:

    A server profile optimized for high throughput that disables power savings mechanisms. It also enables sysctl settings to improve the throughput performance of the disk and network IO. 

accelerator-performance:

    A profile that contains the same tuning as the throughput-performance profile. Additionally, it locks the CPU to low C states so that the latency is less than 100us. This improves the performance of certain accelerators, such as GPUs. 

latency-performance:

    A server profile optimized for low latency and disables power savings mechanisms and enables sysctl settings that improve latency. CPU governor is set to performance and the CPU is locked to the low C states (by PM QoS). "

Here the latency-performance profile sounds most like the Windows Server mode (but differnet from throughput-performance).