In a UI course I took at uni (~2009) we had Jennifer Tidwell's book which was pretty much exactly what you're asking for, though not catered for mobile due to smartphones just having come out. Seems like her most recent edition has a lot of mobile focus though:

https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/designing-interfaces-3r...

you could just check out shadcn, coss, base ui etc. they have component libraries to study