If you look closely at, say, this patch, you might get a sense of what I mean (although the real cleverness is in the testcase, which we have not made public): https://hg-edge.mozilla.org/integration/autoland/rev/c29515d...
The code before the patch does not look obviously wrong. Now, some more lines were added, but would you now say it now looks less obviously wrong, or more obviously correct?
It seems that the invariants needed here are either in some person's heads, or in some document that is not referenced.
Reading the code for the first time, the immediate question is: "What other lines might be missing? How can I figure?"
If the "obviously correct" level of the code does not increase for a human reviewer, how is it ensured that a similar problem will not arise in the future? Or do we need more LLM to tell us which other lines need to be added?
What is the point of keeping it private? I'd bet feeding this patch to Opus and asking to look for specific TOCTOU issue fixed by the patch will make it come up with a testcase sooner or later.