I hear this a lot! What's suddenly different for the web is the volume of scraping. And that fact that the sum of that scraping is building companies with trillion dollar valuations.

There are tens of millions of registered copyrights in the US, nearly every published book, music, artwork, many magazines and major websites. Here's the official link, you can search the registry and there is a ton of info: https://www.copyright.gov/registration/

Briefly, there is default copyright and registered copyright. Registering works grants stronger protections (i.e. bigger fines if broken).