upvote
>The bottleneck has moved from producing a thing that works to knowing that the thing was the right thing to build

I would argue that that's been the case for quite some time before AI. As an example, what innovative amazing world-changing products have Google or Meta launched in the past decade with their very high numbers of very talented and highly-compensated engineers? The issue with most big tech companies are leadership, strategy, and product direction. I'm not saying that they don't make any profits, just that they probably aren't "building [the right thing]".

AI for product development and management would be far more impactful than automating rote coding tasks / building React UIs that mirror API structures IMO.

reply
> AI for product development and management would be far more impactful than automating rote coding tasks [...]

Yeah, if this stuff actually worked that well already, OpenAI et al. would just run AI CEOs and engineers. Why get some other company to pay you at all when you can automate every other company out of existence and take all the money they make?

The fact of the matter is that while the tech has some uses, it sure as hell isn't a full scale replacement and you almost always actually have to massage the input into LLMs to get anything decent back out in practice. Some CEOs and managers can learn to do this, of course, and some already are... but that quickly turns into a second full time job. A "programmer" is still needed. The job might change from mostly hand-writing C++/JS/Python to prompt engineering + some manual coding to fix all the stupid fuck-ups that the bots can't solve themselves, but you still need someone to actually prompt the bot.

When that changes, it won't just be engineers losing work; there will be no reason to even have a human CEO any more.

reply
I don't know, if you've ever tried to build something at companies of that scale you run into incredibly boring problems "what data table do I need for X" and "who is the right person to reach out to for Y" and "they aren't answering me I guess I'll have to escalate"

I don't think there is any shortage of great ideas at these companies, they are just extremely bloated. And I don't think its something like indecision or bad PMs, it's "we have a finite amount of time and resources so we need to be conservative but also not too conservative"

If you have AI systems that can simply build out POCs in days, backtest on real data, show reliable results and numbers, you get a suite of product options you were never able to get before. If you have coding agents that can speed up implementation, you can build more stuff and choose the things that stick.

It changes the cost/benefit calculus of the entire business. I think you are exactly right in that: PMs/leadership are by their nature orchestration machines. Other roles are as well, but I think PM's are at a particular advantage here in that it will be quite awhile I would expect before core product decisions and creativity can be delegated to an AI, but not quite awhile until virtually everything that they're blocked on (legal approvals, POCs, wire frames, etc etc etc) will become less and less of a blocker

reply
>If you have AI systems that can simply build out POCs in days, backtest on real data, show reliable results and numbers, you get a suite of product options you were never able to get before. If you have coding agents that can speed up implementation, you can build more stuff and choose the things that stick.

I'll also add this: within a large organization, you often need to interact with many different codebases owned by many different teams. Agents have made it much easier to wrangle by having the ability to deploy one to scope out your web of dependencies to learn about what would be needed for feature X, and how that integration can happen.

We've been doing far more away team work simply because it makes things move faster. It's easier to convince a team to sign off/review something than it is to get them to commit to the planning and eventual work.

It genuinely is helping things move faster inside large organizations. Or at least, it is for us, particularly since we're getting organizational prioritization to actually build the scaffolding to make those agents more effective at search.

reply
> It's easier to convince a team to sign off/review something than it is to get them to commit to the planning and eventual work.

1000x yes: you have touched on what I think is the single biggest factor here, that is the humongous value of POCs. they are gnarly to build without agents, and so we used to have to get everyone on board so we didn't get screwed in performance reviews, which was monumental task because that means convincing very busy PMs who have a lot on their plate and dont want to take risks on things they don't understand, and now it's like "can we scale this out" and you have a very nicely formatted proposal and POC. It de-risks things very quickly

reply
Pieces of concept and other prototypes have always been cheap (see hackatons). The main issue is that as soon as you’re touching customer data or modifying process they’ve paid you for, you have to be really careful. No one wants to be responsible for an outage that cost the company its biggest customer.
reply
Yes, but at scaled companies, where building a simple POC hooked into real systems is nowhere close to easy. To the point where it means that you might as well just do the full thing. That's where the enterprise spend and the impact is.
reply
Isn’t that a matter of configuration management? Or do you want to alter the real systems as well?
reply
historically it's been a matter of an absolutely horrific amount of Kafka-esque problems.

Say I want to build a feature in a product.

- DS has to do a deep dive (need buy in) to opportunity size and derisk with data. That DS has to work with other DS (people may have left or moved teams) to figure out how to get the right data and figure out what the difference is between 10 different tables that have overlapping but inconsistent data. - Eng has to build up an actual simple demo (need buy in) - Design has to make it not hideous (need buy in) - Legal has to review what you're doing; POCs should involve real data where possible because otherwise no one will trust it, even if its just for user analysis on existing products

This plus about 6 internal system bugs for custom tools that are flaky and who's team has long been re-orged or laid off, 8 people who won't answer you, 2 PTO's for the stakeholders, 6 weekly meetings

no one did POCs, they just had ideas and tried to get PM's to put it on the roadmap so if it fell through at least it was bought into

reply
Google's internally developed and sometimes even launched plenty of innovative new products in the past decade. Stadia, Fuchsia, federated learning, and the whole transformer architecture that underlies this AI boom are good examples.

The problem is they get killed by some other executive who is afraid of their department looking bad by comparison.

I think this is fairly illustrative of the challenges in AI becoming as impactful as the Internet. The bottleneck is not making things. There are plenty of people who are really good at making things and can easily be 10x or 100x as productive as the average corporate worker. YCombinator was founded on that premise - small teams of founders and early employees could be orders of magnitudes more productive than the 1000s of corporate employees at their competitors.

The bottleneck is on bringing your product to market. If your innovative new product is built within a corporate environment, it'll get killed unless the executive you work under can get a promotion out of it, and you'll be denied all sorts of help with approvals, launch process, PR, marketing, branding, etc. If it's a startup, they'll try to shut you out with exclusive distribution deals, legal threats, lobbying efforts to change the legal environment, PR campaigns, FUD, etc.

The Internet was revolutionary because it let millions of people bring products to market without asking permission. Instead of having to bid for retail shelf space among dozens of entrenched competitors that all had sweetheart deals with the retailer, you could just put up a website and sell it to anyone across the globe. Instead of following hundreds of regulations that governed existing commerce, you could just launch something and sort it out later. AI doesn't really have that property - if anything, it makes things more centralized, with more gatekeepers, and so seems more likely to destroy economic value than add to it.

reply
>I would argue that that's been the case for quite some time before AI.

I would agree but it's really minimized the building. More and more time is being spent on pre-coding work.

reply
Google & Meta are illustrative of late-stage capitalism -- it's all about distribution, not innovation. Their job is (mostly) to just acquire the products that have passed the gauntlet, then scale up their monetization through their distribution-focused machine. The same dynamic plays out in virtually every industry (not just tech).

You'll find that most internal "innovation" teams are just lip service. In most cases, the "mothership" will be incapable of reproducing true innovation -- from a statistical perspective, culture perspective (mega corps are anti-scrappy; internal politics), and motivation perspective (startups aren't 9-to-5). It's much easier to have big M&A budgets, a VC arm, and some handwavvy internal innovation group.

Every now and again, you'll get real innovations (Waymo, transistors, GUIs), but even those have a spotty track record of commercialization when created internally.

reply
This is the same argument that has been historically made for outsourcing developers. Get 20 more devs for the cost of 1 dev in the US.

I suspect that AI will fail to pan out to the same extent for the same reason why outsourcing hasn't fully panned out (even though every company tries it after getting big enough).

The problems that will come up will be and always have been ongoing maintenance. AI is great at writing new code without a brain behind it, but once you get to the point where you need to refactor code, you start really needing someone with coding experience to guide the AI or veto it's mistakes.

I don't think that's really fixable even with a lot better AI. It's not something that ultimately comes out of the likes of github data.

I'm not saying that AI isn't going to make things better, btw, I just don't think we'll see a 20x improvement. Probably more like 1.5 or 2x.

reply
Outsourcing of knowledge workers didn't work out because at large enough scales, the geographic arbitrage disappeared. Companies mostly always got what they paid for.

The determinant of success was only whether the task needed American-tier labor or could make do with sub-American quality labor.

reply
I am not sure this feels right. I agree that the US currently has leading minds in terms of tech, but I am not sure it is too big of difference with the EU knowledge workers. EU is still a lot cheaper then US in terms of wages you would need to pay.
reply
That's certainly part of it. But the other part that I've heard time and time again is that in order for outsourcing to be successful you basically needed an american engineer in the mix hand holding everything, clarifying requirements, and vetoing bad code.

That part of dev work, the requirements gathering, attention to details, clarifying requirements, is something AI also struggles with. A lot of companies basically waste time and money on outsourced devs because without a clear path forward they effectively will sit and do nothing, waiting for a prompt.

reply
I would not agree on that point. It really depends on company's structure. I mean it also depends with people that makes the team. I would say there are a lot of unknowns but I would certainly not generalize.

How I find your argument is that one distinguished engineer from US could do the same with the use of AI.

I worked with both and I know great and bad engineers from both sides. Only thing is that US has a bigger pool of great engineers.

reply
Who pays for that value, and from what, if all knowledge workers lose their jobs?

It sounds like the economy would largely reduce to the small minority class of independently wealthy people.

reply
The more time I spend using agent tools the less I worry about knowledge worker job loss.

It takes a skilled knowledge worker to use these things.

reply
Yes, but I do worry about junior knowledge worker job loss. These models are very good (and getting better) at the vast dark matter of "donkey work" that happens in knowledge-based industries -- work typically done by junior devs / analysts / lawyers / consultants, paralegals, admin assistants, customer success / support, etc. -- and those roles comprise the bulk of the workforce.

And worse, these are the tasks that help the junior people eventually grow into the skilled knowledge workers required to operate models, so there's a pipeline problem too.

reply
We'll get around to training job specific models or the equivalent. Thats just lower on the value chain for now.
reply
Sure. I was challenging the parent on how the “game” they are positing would play out.
reply
There were no knowledge workers in the middle ages.
reply
Back then people were mostly farmers, but we already automated that job away.

Not completely, but compared to the middle ages we 50x'd their output. Which is a great illustration what it means to make a job 50 times more productive. We went from 80-90% of the population being required to barely make enough food for everyone to survive, to 4% of the population producing such an abundance that consuming too much food has become a systemic health issue

reply
At the mere cost of destroying soil, and polluting water and the atmosphere in only 200 years! Possibly this will also play out well, and there is a huge market of... maybe social media influencer economy to pick up those being automated out of their previous work... or rather identity, as actually much like in the middle ages, the modern world also makes the profession largely the identity of the individual.

I'm pretty skeptical on the outcomes and the costs also (natural and social as well), but possibly we can have 50x or even more software in the end! The phrase will be truer than ever:

> Software is eating the world!

reply
There definitely were what could be considered knowledge workers in the (high) middle ages, it just wasn't the majority of work like today. The knowledge workers then were just a tiny, elite faction, mostly employed by the church or directly by nobility. Kindgoms were still big bureaucracies and needed scribes, theologians, academics, lawyers.
reply
Relatively few anyway. Monks (who wrote and edited books and managed libraries, and also taught), artists and musicians, bookkeepers/treasury/exchequer, scribes/chancery (who were the administrators of the kingdoms), and bankers all existed in European "middle ages". But a significantly smaller part of economy/society compared to "western world" now, yes.
reply
There wasn’t 20x value to pay for in the middle ages either.
reply
Are you sure? Any functional organization requires keepers to oil the machine. First the government. The best examples were the chinese empire, the catholic church, and the various kingdoms. Or do you think that everyone was either fighting or farming? Stewardship is knowledge work. Bookkeeping is another.
reply
> Who pays for that value, and from what, if all knowledge workers lose their jobs?

They do not care unless these companies can get a bailout.

UBI only exists for companies that are too big to fail. Case in point, 2008 and SVB when there was too much money on the line.

One of the AI companies attempted to guarantee themselves a way for the government to bail them out if they were close to defaulting on the debt from the data center build out.

reply
SVB didn't get bailed out, their investors and creditors were wiped out. You could argue depositors were bailed out -- as they took the undue risk of keeping more than $250k in a single bank (though as part of a requirement for getting a loan from SVB, you had to have your operating accounts with them. So lots of companies had no choice, as SVB was one of the few banks that would lend to them).

Arguably, the main impact of securing SVB depositors above the $250k limit is that it prevented thousands of people from being laid off that week, as their employers wouldn't have had the money to make payroll the following Wednesday.

reply
Thank you for saying this. Continuing to point at SVB as a bailout is annoying. They were not bailed out. Anyone with deposits in an accredited bank should be made whole - always. Without trusted banking we have no economy.
reply
Producing a thing has always been cheap since personal computers existed. From mail-order software companies' times to SaaS times, producing a sellable MVP was an initial cost that is relatively small compared to the later cost of expansion and maintenance. Marketing and selling was and still is the hardest part.
reply
Why do you think of knowledge workers as a fungible commodity?

What makes you think the people who used to build (or would have built) software will switch into the industry of "knowing that the thing was the right thing to build", as opposed to something cooler like surgery, city planning or experimental physics? The roles within a tech company are not the only jobs in the world.

reply
[dead]
reply
> The bottleneck has moved from producing a thing that works to knowing that the thing was the right thing to build

“There’s more capital than good ideas to fund” has been a complaint from the likes of A16z & other VCs for a long time now. It’s why we ended up with stuff like NFTs getting funded.

reply
deleted
reply
If knowledge workers get laid off in mass, you can expect political curbs on AI adoption.
reply
[flagged]
reply