MacOS has posix_spawn. See https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/Sy... (yes, that’s an iOS man page. MacOS has the call, too, but I couldn’t find the man page online and it looks identical to me)
replyI don’t know how they implemented it, though. Under the hood, it could do the equivalent of a fork/exec pair.
XNU's posix_spawn implementation is not fork/exec-based. It does roughly what the API suggests it would do.
replyNtCreateProcess does not implement a forking model. It is analogous to posix_spawn.
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