(www.quantamagazine.org)
> The deck has to be cut more or less in half before shuffling.
"More or less" is doing some heavy lifting here. The original GSR shuffling model cuts the deck at a point that is binomially distributed, so that for example about one-fifth of the time the cut may be at least as asymmetric as a 21-31 card split, which I think most would agree is nowhere near "the precision of a professional magician."
Also note that the theorem in the paper really focuses only on relaxing the cutting model; the model of subsequent interleaving of the resulting piles is the same, dropping a card from a pile with probability proportional to the size of the pile. (Equivalently but perhaps less intuitively, for the original GSR model with the binomial cut, imagine flipping a fair coin for each card in the deck, then "de-interleaving" by sliding the "heads" cards out, preserving their relative order, and placing that pile on top of the remaining "tails" cards.)
> But with that seventh shuffle, the deck suddenly tips into a highly unstructured state.
More accurately, the total variation distance from a uniform distribution first drops below 0.5 at seven shuffles[0]. The actual cutoff phenomenon's asymptotic result would suggest 3/2 lg n shuffles for a deck with n cards, which for n=52 would be closer to nine shuffles.
[0] https://possiblywrong.wordpress.com/2018/09/02/arbitrary-pre...
Would that get us closer to "random enough", quicker?
Also the new result is cool! (14 semi bad riffle shuffles are sufficient to mix)
I had understood that seven "typical" riffle shuffles produce good randomness.
Nick Scarne is an interesting name to look up, and his writings are almost on a level with his facility to manipulate cards.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Scarne
Whenever someone acquires a morally-neutral skill (like "card manipulation" or "martial arts") that can be used for "good" or "evil" and chooses the former, that's almost always a good story... especially if they flirted with the latter...
I randomly came across a 1979 bbc documentary on "Word Processors" on YouTube yesterday. Even though I wrangle terabytes of data using AI agents everyday now, it still felt like magic to imagine myself seeing the documentary for the first time in 1979.
There's the general belief that all magical tools develop significance for the user over time, something that my wife who is a "secular green witch" who doesn't believe in psi at all would tell you all about.
Scientifically though, if somebody isn't a good shuffler their deck is not going to be well shuffled and they'll get readings that deviate from what you'd get from a well shuffled deck. It's harder to shuffle a tarot deck well because it has more cards and these are frequently larger. (Personally my riffle shuffle is awful and probably not much better than an overhand)
A new deck usually has the major arcana together and in order and other cards might be sorted by suit and then number. We do a 5 card spread and if your have a new and poorly shuffled deck of course you are going to have more spreads where you get both the Emperor and the Empress or the 4 of Swords and the 7 of Swords.
Also see Magic players being fond of pile shuffles, which, of course, do very little randomization, and guarantee a good mana weave. Without a few shuffles of your own, most Magic decks ever presented are not sufficiently randomized, and it's even worse in Commander, where we are talking 100 card decks.
How random is that deck? How many “cold spots” does it have? Just how not random of decks are people playing with, and ultimately does that even matter if players lack the knowledge or skill to change their play because of that knowledge?
You would need sloppy ones to introduce randomness.
>The riffle shuffle has to follow a realistic but strict model where cards are randomly interleaved from the left or right pile one by one. (Each card gets dropped from either the left or the right pile with a probability that’s proportional to the number of cards remaining in that pile. This means that the cards don’t simply alternate between left and right, which would result in a predictable structure; instead, the order might go “left, right, right, left, right, left, left.”)
This talks about seven consecutive riffle shuffles ("cut the deck and interleave the piles"): Those are not a "perfect shuffle" (i.e. same probability for every permutation) by themselves, only after doing them several times consecutively (which is kinda suprising by itself).
I'd like more details on how this was accomplished on a practical level. Got me thinking about how to embed trackers thin enough to go into a playing card that would operate like a mesh network then the deck could self report once it's properly randomized making a green light go off indicating play may begin.
... Why would it be proportional to the number of cards in each pile? (Edit: I suppose the person doing the shuffling might adjust the rate of cards coming from each hand ... But not perfectly and continuously)
Isn’t that where the randomness comes in?