There's a talk about ClickHouse's approach from its creator: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHj9mysh0GI , but the gist is that it maintains (sub)columns to store different paths in the JSON
In other ways DuckDB has very good JSON support, like you can do `CREATE TABLE name AS `SELECT * FROM 'data.json';` and it'll infer the schema when possible.