Price at home vs. abroad is key. The term dumping comes from the idea that a company that sells profitably in its home market dumps excess production abroad at below cost.

This is not what is happening here. Chinese manufacturers are making a large profit off every car they sell in Western markets. As I said above, they're selling these cars at several times the price they charge in China. Unless you believe these cars are being sold at just 30% of cost in China, there's no way Chinese companies are selling below cost in the West.

> Dumping is selling goods below cost.

Chinese cars are not sold below cost in Western markets. So it is not dumping.

> I don’t believe the word “dumping” is used for the similar process when Venture Capital is subsidizing it,

I've been doing so for years. How about you join me today. I already see two other users doing the same, so there'll be at least 4 of us.

It's blatantly dumping, whether the source of the money is directly the government (those in power) or VC (mostly US billionaires (trillionaires?), in other words, those in power) is a trivial implementation detail.