A more modern example is probably the NSA aggressively pushing[3] for replacing classical encryption with post-quantum encryption, rather than taking the more conservative and probably-more-secure approach of layering the two - while at the same time mandating the use of two layers of those same algorithms for their own use[4]!
[0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOBUS
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clipper_chip
[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_EC_DRBG
[3]: https://blog.cr.yp.to/20251004-weakened.html
[4]: https://defense-solutions.curtisswright.com/capabilities/tec...
The problem with these examples is that they weren't used in national security systems, which are the systems for which NSA has a legislated defensive responsibility.
Clipper was designed for use by the public; it was not intended to ever be used to protect classified (or even sensitive unclassified) information at all.
Likewise with Dual_EC_DRBG. The CSfC component requirements drew from the Common Criteria Protection Profiles, where Dual_EC_DRBG was never an option.
There is no hard evidence that it was backdoored.