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> I’m skeptical that the problem they are trying to solve is truly unreasonable bandwidth demands.

Not necessarily bandwidth demands so much as processing demands. Scrapers have a tendency to hammer on parts of web sites that are computationally expensive to generate - e.g. search results, diffs and blame views in git forges, sorted/filtered/paginated lists, etc. Ordinary users may click a few of those links for things they want to see; scrapers will try to request all of them, even when 99% of them are redundant.

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What’s more, they will scale up with increased resources on the site.

If you redline at 20 searches a sec, and put in 4 more workers, suddenly you’re serving 100r/sec to the bots, paying 5x for it, and your users are still seeing shit qos. I've seen multiple cores of nginx saturated just dealing with one dos/crawl run on a somewhat high profile site.

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I don't think people sit around going "Grrrr who can I ban next?". Instead this stuff gets noticed because you see the webserver at 99% CPU utilization for 2 days straight, check the logs, and see you are somehow getting crawled by half the IPs in New York City.
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If it weren't a real problem, these types of articles and services wouldn't exist.
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Plenty of complaints exist about things that are not real problems.
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Well that's not what's happening here, lol.
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Why the air quotes? Evading a ban and using (potentially ill gotten) residential ips to circumvent that refusal of service, is a bad actor.
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Surely that depends on the motivation for the ban.
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No. When someone says you’re not welcome, you’re not welcome. Regardless of the reason.
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If I get kicked out of Epstein island because I refuse to **** a child, that doesn't make me a bad actor.
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And then going there 1 million times under fake identities? Yeah, I'm sure that's not a bad actor.
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