I need to better understand your first question before I can comment. In theory, we could work with MADlib too -- what we do is port scientific data, which typically is a "tensor" or Nd array, into a tabular view. I believe you know relational theory better than I do, I am still fairly new to the field.

WRT ISO/IEC 9075-15:2023: This is the standard established from rasdaman, IIUC. I reject this approach (which treats arrays as a column type), and instead adopt one inspired by Michael Stonebraker's SciDB (which treats arrays as tables themselves). For an in depth review of the topic, I recommend this NSF paper: https://par.nsf.gov/servlets/purl/10545560