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They have blood tests for both (serum or RBC):

The Magnesium RBC Test measures magnesium inside red blood cells, providing a more accurate assessment of magnesium status than serum tests.

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wouldn't a cell deficiency lead to it depleting also the magnesium levels in the blood, simply based on osmosis?
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The organism dumps Mg on the blood as much as necessary because it needs to remain in stable concentrations.

When a serum Mg test comes out low, the patient already has severe deficiency and visible symptoms, so isn’t very useful unless you’re investigating a systemic issue.

As explained by my endocrinologist.

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If blood concentrations drop, you die.
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what is a good test for magnesium deficiency?
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They only have blood tests, and that's not very useful.
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