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> a national ID number isnt usually publicly available info

A couple of counterexamples:

Italy's "fiscal code" is generated with a simple algorithm which can be executed manually:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_fiscal_code

Sweden's "personal identity number" is public information and can be looked up by anyone:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_identity_number_(Swed...

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Belgian National Number is your birth date, then an increment from 1 to 999 for every baby born that day, then a base-97 checksum.
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Not sure if still the case: odd numbers for males and even numbers for females.

This also means a person’s Belgian RRN can change.

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Yep, but they do not change on sex change, IIRC.
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I wrote a system for a medical lab decades ago and IIRC I did actually have to change some RRN's manually. It's been a while so I'm not 100% sure, but I do think the changes were due to switching gender.
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This is the leaked draft: https://statewatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/wk_5183_20...

It's not clear how it is supposed to work in detail. But it sounds like it could be implemented in a way that makes illegitimate queries possible. It doesn't sound like they want to really ensure that you can catch those.

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In multiple European countries, national ID numbers are public information that can be searched by name and address (i.e. Sweden)
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I played with Estonia’s e-residency and they use asymmetric cryptography for everything so the ID is public but does nothing without the corresponding private key.
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