If we imagine a set of all human ideas that these models have access to, then the set of possible discoveries would be something like the superset of all possible combinations of those ideas. I think all LLM discoveries are bounded by that space.
Looking at the recent OpenAI math discoveries, that seems to be pretty much what happened. Existing ideas were used as building blocks, the model found a valuable combination, and the result was something new that had real value.
I know people are working on these things I just haven’t seen the right way yet. Like in manufacturing right now people are trying to encode what skilled machinists do into software and scale it up, we need to go further on that for Math/ data analysis etc.