The Right Stuff by Tom Wolfe has a lot of interesting stuff on this wrt the first astronauts (who were sourced from test pilots). The test pilots saw the astronauts as second class citizens, at first, because they weren't actually doing any steering. Once the astronauts became famous, they started demanding more manual takeovers, which the engineers didn't want to build because it could only really hurt, but the engineers were forced to build them!

The US military has thousands of old airframes, many of which can be made flyable with very short turnaround. They already use the F-16 as test targets.

Taking an obsolete airframe that is already paid for and adding AI to it is much cheaper than building a completely new AI-native airframe from scratch. This is finding a new use for old aircraft. You can send a bunch of old AI-driven F-16s on high-risk missions without worrying about a human pilot or cost. The airframes may be relatively obsolete but can still do plenty of damage on their day.

The new 6th generation aircraft are all being designed as "manned optional". That is probably the last generation with affordances for a pilot.

The way I see it, this is the JDAM of drones. Will it perform better than purpose built aircraft? No. But the USAF has a few hundred old F-16s entering retirement that would be mothballed otherwise, and strapping some cheap sensors to them is a fast way to play around with the idea while they wait for Lockheed and Anduril to finish the good stuff.

> when it would be better to build craft spec'd for AI flight without human life support systems.

Yeah this. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anduril_FQ-44

The "see also" section lists several competitors.

I guess if you already have a load of F-16s it might make sense, but I think that's a stretch.