“Only language” eh? I only have a passing familiarity or very distant memory so could be wrong but I’d say these are the same:

Perl (needs use strict)

Ancient VB/VBA/VB script

Original PHP (no idea about modern)

PowerShell

Old Windows/DOS batch

> Bash scripts requires "set -eu" at minimum, when written by LLM or human.

No. It does not. Just write good scripts and catch errors and handle them. That's the same more less with every language. And bash can be written in a way that it is sane and readable and maintainable. Just because you have seen a lot of junk in the language does not make the language bad per se. Sure there are a lot of languages "features" which are more then questionable but I want to rise again the point that it has its place and can be used in a good way.