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This approach is wrong though, as we’re now seeing.

GPS is comically easy to jam or spoof and assuming it will work all the time is just a silly, dangerous assumption.

We just happened to live through a brief period where you could believe that

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Yeah, I agree that GPS is too easy to jam and should ideally not be used exclusively but if you are flying anything from a newish C172 to a Cessna Citation (or any other non-long haul business jet) it is the reality.

Annoyingly all of these systems have VOR and DME equipment, it would be trivial to have a back up position to well within en-route navigation accuracy limits and certainly close enough to prevent this kind of accident. But regulation and certification requirements being what they are they are no one does it.

In an ideal world we'd have some kind of INS but the ring laser gyros and accelerometers required are stubbornly expensive.

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In this case the call was coming from inside the house. Another win for uncle Sam.
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Does Europe not have VORs?
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Of course - though many of them have been decommissioned or are in the process. Though recent developments have probably reduced the enthusiasm for removing them so quickly.

However, that doesn't change the fact that the intersection that ATC are flying you towards are actually now defined as coordinates, not radials or distances from nearby VORs.

If an ATC tells you "direct OKSAW" they won't give you a VOR radial to intercept - you are expected to go straight there in a relatively straight line from your current position. There were boxes like the KNS80 that could do VOR-VOR navigation to do this kind of thing but it's not user friendly by modern standards.

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