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Actually v5 no longer uses SuperCollider’s scsynth engine.

I completely replaced it with my own port called SuperSonic - which targets native (used in this Sonic Pi release), WASM and embedded.

See https://github.com/samaaron/supersonic

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Hi, Sam! I have to say that's a strange statement. SuperSonic still uses scsynth as its synthesis engine. How is that a "complete replacement"?

I see that you are trying to circumvent the GPL, with somewhat dubious arguments. I'm pretty sure that running scsynth in an AudioWorklet creates a combined program and not an aggregate. (I'm not the only one who has raised this concern.)

Since scsynth is the foundation of Sonic Pi, why not respect the intention of its author?

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Sorry if it came across as strange. I’m just making sure people don’t confuse the two as SuperSonic isn’t an official SuperCollider project and I don’t want to cause any confusion.

I’m also definitely not wanting to circumnavigate the GPL! I have wholeheartedly embraced it as whilst I would argue it isnt scsynth it is most definitely a derivative work with a lot of shared code. There’s also a lot that is different/new.

Instead I’m only attempting to uphold the same network boundary that has existed since v3 of SuperCollider. When used over a network using an open and documented protocol that doesn’t tend to be considered a derivative work. This is observed in other software is such as databases.

Oh and in Sonic Pi’s case I am not running anything in an audioworklet. SuperSonic is built and shipped in its native form as a totally separate process. No js or browsers involved.

Sorry for any confusion.

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Thanks for the kind response!

> I’m also definitely not wanting to circumnavigate the GPL!

You are going to great lengths to make sure that SuperSonic (and thus scsynth) can be used by non-GPL code. You are explicitly advertising in the README:

> Your application code interacts only with the MIT-licensed client APIs and is not intended to be a derivative work of the GPL components.

https://github.com/samaaron/supersonic#license

Or in the LICENSE file:

> SuperSonic is deliberately designed with a strict execution boundary between the GPL-licensed audio engine and application-level code.

https://github.com/samaaron/supersonic/blob/2652a28eb6cb51a4...

What's the point of this if not circumventing the GPL?

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Running scsynth (or a derived application) as a separate process and communicating via sockets should be fine, at least from a legal standpoint. This is what Sonic Pi resp. the native SuperSonic clients do.

The SuperSonic JS client, however, lives in the same process as the scsynth WASM module. The fact that the two modules communicate via OSC messages is not really relevant. They clearly form a single combined program and therefore must comply with the GPL.

I'm pretty sure the same applies to the Erlang module. According to the LICENSE file, the scsynth engine is implemented as a shared library that the client calls into. This would be a textbook case of a combined program.

I would ask you to change the licenses accordingly.

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> You are going to great lengths to make sure that SuperSonic (and thus scsynth) can be used from non-GPL code

Sure because it’s my understanding that using a clearly documented protocol that doesn’t share internal data structures does not constitute a derivative work. I’m not trying to change anything rather make the boundary clear.

>They clearly form a single combined program and therefore must comply with the GPL.

I don’t think that this is necessarily the case - if the shape of the architectural boundary is the same as the networked OSC case then I think it’s very reasonable to argue that its aggregation and not derivative. I don’t believe the gpl actually states anything about process boundaries or linking mechanisms. Rather it’s generally the advice that a compiled work is derivative as it likely does share internal data structures etc.

I also don’t quite know what licenses you’re asking me to change. The parts of SuperSonic that derive from scsynth are clearly licensed gpl. The parts that are my copyright are clearly licensed MIT.

I’m really not trying to circumnavigate anything. I’m just trying to assert that calling gpl software over a clearly documented and formal boundary that does not share internal data structures doesn’t trigger the gpl - regardless of linking or process specifics. The issue is about copyright not implementation details.

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> if the shape of the architectural boundary is the same as the networked OSC case then I think it’s very reasonable to argue that its aggregation and not derivative.

Where do you got that? The GPLv3 license text only says:

> A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit.

The JS/WASM and Erlang modules in SuperSonic are clearly combined to form a larger program. The GPL v3 does not say anything about networking protocols, "architectural boundaries" or sharing internal data structures.

The GPL v3 FAQ further clarifies:

> If the modules are included in the same executable file, they are definitely combined in one program. If modules are designed to run linked together in a shared address space, that almost surely means combining them into one program.

https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#MereAggregation

If you use a GPL-licensed library, your whole program must comply with the GPL. That's exactly why the LGPL exists: it adds an exception to the GPL so that a library may be used in a non-GPL program. James could have licensed scsynth under the LGPL, but he did not.

> I also don’t quite know what licenses you’re asking me to change.

The license of the JS and Erlang clients because they call into scsynth code (in the same process).

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Fair - the aggregate clause does say “larger program” so I overstated. However, it doesn’t define combination, and “based on the Program” is defined in section 0 via copyright permission - which is why I keep returning to copyright rather than mechanism.

The JS client doesn’t call into scsynth code. In postMessage mode the client and the engine run in separate execution contexts with no shared memory, exchanging serialised OSC - the browser enforces that boundary the same way the kernel does between processes on a socket.

Also, the JS and Erlang clients are entirely my own code and copyright surely their licence isn’t in question. I think the question you’re actually raising is what obligations fall on users who combine their software with SuperSonic. You already state that my approach in Sonic Pi is fine.

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Hi! why a port and not contribution to the original project? What were the reasons? Will this be 100% compatible in the future? Thanks!!
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SuperSonic started life as an experiment side project and was the first successful AudioWorklet port of scsynth. When I got it working I shared it with the SuperCollider community with the hope that some form of contribution collaboration might happen but there didn’t seem to be much interest - and mostly friction possibly due to the fact that I had made use of LLMs to navigate and study the original code base. They then built their own audioworklet version which they merged into mainline. That was a signal for me to continue independently which I did - subsequently adding native and embedded targets to SuperSonic.

Sonic Pi uses the native version which includes substantial improvements specifically for the use case for Sonic Pi (schools and beginner ergonomics) vs pro audio workflows.

Also I definitely intend to keep things compatible where feasible and have already done this since November 2025.

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It seems that SuperSonic also uses GPL, no?
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Yep, as it’s a derivative work. But I have put effort into making the interface purely network shaped so it’s possible to use it from non-gpl projects without them being considered a derivative work and triggering the gpl.
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Careful! Just because you are exchanging messages via sockets does not necessarily make it a mere aggregate! Quoting the official GPL FAQ:

> By contrast, pipes, sockets and command-line arguments are communication mechanisms normally used between two separate programs. So when they are used for communication, the modules normally are separate programs. But if the semantics of the communication are intimate enough, exchanging complex internal data structures, that too could be a basis to consider the two parts as combined into a larger program.

https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#MereAggregation

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Oh that sounds like the official SuperCollider stance might be that any use of scsynth from an existing project via the network OSC API is considered an aggregate. Is this the case?

I definitely don’t want to create any issues and it would be great to get some clarity here.

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I don't think that the SuperCollider team has an official stance on this and I can't really speak for all developers. Legally, I think you're on the safe side as long as scsynth runs in a separate process (which is the case for Sonic Pi). However, it's probably against the intentions of James McCartney. If he had wanted scsynth to be used by non-GPL programs, he would have released it under the LGPL. But that's just my assumption. If you're in doubt, just ask him :)
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also keep in mind that the gnu.org want gpl to apply as widely as possible. Generally, your approach should be fine imo
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that too could be a basis to consider the two parts as combined into a larger program.

That would not stand up in court. This battle has been fought before. Interoperability is not a trojan horse to spread the GPL anymore than it is a trojan horse to impose copyright restrictions by private software.

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Darn, you're right. Looks like there's still no hope here.
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