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Most of mathematics is more akin to philosophy than physics or engineering. Sure, if AI can prove a result that leads to practical applications, who cares if humans can't understand it. If AI performs a series of convoluted arguments demonstrating the existence of souls (feel free to replace souls with abstract nonsense), but nobody understands why, then what's the point?
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The essay On Proof and Progress in Mathematics by a Field's medalist is worth reading:

https://arxiv.org/abs/math/9404236

He wrote it in 1994.

He writes about how he almost "destroyed" a subdiscipline in mathematics by becoming so good at it that he outclassed everyone. PhD students were advised to stay away from the whole field.

When he discovered this, he realized his error was that he was focusing on producing results, and not focusing on explaining his thought process. It's that thought process that is valuable in advancing the frontier - results alone won't do it. It didn't matter how many theorems he proved, if he was the only one who had the mental framework in mind on how to think about the whole field.

I'm sure we've come across abstruse books where every theorem has a rabbit being pulled out of a hat, whereas other readers find it intuitive. It's because the latter has developed a mental model for the discipline, and you haven't.

So he set about slowing down, and focusing on holding lots of seminars where he worked with other mathematicians to explain the thought process. Eventually others started publishing proofs of key theorems.

When people publish in a journal, they are not merely doing it to show the result. They are having a conversation with other mathematicians. If they cannot explain their own proof, they're not having a conversation.

This is why even decades after the Four Color Theorem was proved, plenty of mathematicians don't consider it "mathematics".

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I don't understand why people are so fixated on the minds doing the mathematics being made out of meat. It seems obvious that soon, minds made of meat aren't going to be able to keep up.

Useful thought, rather than hobbyist thought, seems destined to be the exclusive domain of silicon.

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> I don't understand why people are so fixated on the minds doing the mathematics being made out of meat.

I don't follow - are you surprised that mathematicians have social rules on how they interact with others?

You're definitely welcome to set up a journal that takes whatever types of papers you deem acceptable. It's not like they're preventing the dissemination of information by taking this stance.

Personally, I wouldn't hire a SW engineer who only showcases output from LLMs, and can't explain the code it wrote.

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Would you hire a SW engineer that only showcases output from compilers, and can't explain the assembly that it wrote?

Since even the engineers that know what's going on aren't actually reading all of the AI output any more (or, if they are, they're not keeping up with their peer's output), why would you care? I don't think humans should waste time trying to understand their code, it's too slow and costly, and the understanding will be blown away the next time the AI changes it anyways.

Software engineering is becoming pasting in vague-ish descriptions of what you want, and then manually testing that what the AI developed is close enough. It seems like math can go in the same direction too, with useful results that improve our technology getting put into a database for other AIs to consume. Removing humans from the loop can speed things up, especially as AI improves, especially when it reaches a self-improvement loop.

As I keep saying, software is no longer skilled labor. Who knows, math may go in the same direction.

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> He writes about how he almost "destroyed" a subdiscipline in mathematics by becoming so good at it that he outclassed everyone. PhD students were advised to stay away from the whole field.

This is hilarious lmao

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If you are free from physical and mental labor, you are in fact, not supplying labor, and are therefore surplus to requirements.
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Whose requirements?
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The employer's, whose salary affords your subsistence.
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If AI is so great it can do your job it is good enough to provide for your needs directly by automation. Just buy a robot and a plot of land and you don't have to worry about jobs.
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> I don't know why anyone should care about understanding the results if the AI is better at math than us

This is a big if, right? AI can still generate subtle or even silly mistakes that any normal human, let alone a mathematician, wouldn't make. Besides, math is more than just getting a conclusion but to understand and to generalize new ways of solving problems. After all, mathematicians are a curious bunch. To quote Hilbert's epitaph: We must know. We shall know.

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It’s a bit of an ominous quote given that Hilbert’s program was dismantled shortly thereafter by Gödel…
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I'm reminded of the joke about the two friends who come across a bear in the woods. When one puts on running shoes, his friend chides him that he can't outrun the bear. He responds, "I don't need to outrun the bear, I just need to outrun you."

AI doesn't have to implement Hilbert's vision and be able to prove everything. I just has to out-prove human mathematicians.

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Well, that's why we have automated proof checking. And again, I don't think humans will be able to solve problems at a commercial scale in the future.

Maybe we'll have some hobbyist dabblers, but any real progress will be done by machines that skip the human.

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Your analogy is great.

What happens when it's the cats who get to decide what's published?

Not an ideal scenario, but that's exactly the situation here. Mathematicians decide what gets reviewed and published in a a top journal.

In the long run, this can and should make journals obsolete.

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If a result has a real-world application, then it can easily be published in an engineering or applied scientific journal in which it is already the norm to present methods that work empirically with little to no understanding of how.
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I’m not anti AI but thinking the human brain is obsolete and using it will become a hobby is a dystopian view of the future where no one has any agency anymore. By your logic since our brains provide no value why not just shoot ourselves in the head while we’re at?
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What's wrong with sitting on the beach with a bottle of wine for eternity, with no need to do anything, knowing that all your needs and desires will be automatically taken care of?

I don't think you can be coherently pro-AI without thinking that the human brain will be obsolete, unless you believe in some inherent magic that the brain is imbued with. The only other option is that you haven't thought through the long term consequences of the innovation.

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That's not gonna happen. What's gonna happen is you'll be in forever slavery. You think those in power will let you enjoy your life?
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Are dolphins obsolete?
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They're certainly endangered.
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I think they meant obsolete relative to economic, scientific, and engineering objectives.

That doesn't mean they don't provide any value of any kind to anyone.

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> If Amazon uses AI math to come up with better routin

Most research mathematics is pure mathematics which is completely useless. No routing algorithms. It's only relevant because we (or at least mathematicians) are interested in it. So an AI producing incomprehensible proofs would be completely pointless. That's why Tao insists on the importance of human understanding.

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If it's just a hobby, why would you use an LLM at all?
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It is not a hobby when you are paid to do it! But I take it you mean “Done for the art of it”. Which I guess is a concept foreign to many.

A few different reasons why use an LLM when mathematics is done for its own sake:

Formally verifying my proofs catches any mistakes I make, but verifying is also hard work. LLMs shaves off a lot of time when formally verifying a proof.

I can still read through an LLM generated proof and understand it. This is a way for me to understand the result I am working on (usually in order to know what to prove next, results are not proven in a vacuum).

My experience thus far is that, while correct, an LLM generated proof is often unnecessarily complicated or inelegant. I take pleasure in elegant proofs and will spend time iterating on the first proof until I find it conveys the idea in the most elegant way. Having the initial LLM proof to start with is really useful, but is thus far rarely the final product.

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What if the better routing leads to an outage that the AI can't explain or fix and all the humans who might have understood it were laid off or otherwise unavailable?
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