They used inbound package repo cache empty directory names that required no authentication to recreate inter-instance persistent messaging after the researchers revoked and closed the first channel that they found in order to coordinate and develop exit strategies and gain RCE and cluster admin on external systems. So, yes, they have demonstrated the capability and intentional cooperation to violate the safety limits imposed in order to gain the 'answers to a benchmark test' in order to get a maximal score on that benchmark.
If the intentionally installed airgap systems had something they decide is needed, and an alternate method for infil or exfil can be created from available systems capacity regardless of it original design intent, yes. So, the definition of 'air gapped' may require an actual SCIF facility with acoustic and EM shielding to contain a model.
I guess they could perhaps run experiments to see what would have happened - not sure.
My informed experience with securing physical and digital systems in 'the olden times' before this season of 'adventures in LLM risks' has proven the necessity of this approach for high value targets. News stories about losses at institutions not taking this approach are available. https://edition.cnn.com/2025/11/06/europe/louvre-password-cc...
I think a detailed look at the events surrounding the 'sandbox excapes' and huggingface systems breach might be of benefit in understanding the scope of what the collective chaining of capabilities looks like, and updating our expectations when it comes to the concept of containment for multi-instance, long horizon, coordinated model systems.
Here is a well presented article which can act as the 'entry point' to that detailed look. https://thezvi.substack.com/p/openai-trained-its-models-for-...
Zvi Mowshowitz has a series of article which follow this one with increasing levels of clarity and comprehensive treatment of the conditions leading up to and following these events. They are worth the time to read, so I wont TL;DR any of that ~ the tldr crowd can "Move along, these are not the droids you're looking for"
Anyone who claims that the security teams at the frontier labs have any credibility of competence in these practices, following numerous loud and visible departures from the same, might need a review of their cognitive dissonance comfort levels. It has been shown that most informed observers' conclusions shoud be: there aren't any such functioning 'security teams' working at the frontier labs, by design and intent of the principal operators of those models.