It's true that fines are nothing more than predictable costs, so maybe an option would be fines in percentage of the incoming of the company: this way it could make a real impact. I know in some north Europe countries the speed limit fines are in percentage on the personal net worth.
You are overengineering it. Just throw the CEOs in jail for a few months and observe how these practices disappear overnight.
It's not that easy: with bail and well payed lawyers they spend quite no day in jail and it is no more than a fine
But yeah similar to how humans are put in jail and it can easily ruin their life, the punishment for a severe crime needs to ruin a company’s life. It’s an absurd double standard.
I'd like to say look at Volkswagen for an example but I don't know if all the necessary people were charged.
Similar policy is why American trucks and SUVs are ridiculusly massive transformer-looking behemoths and there're really no 'small' trucks anymore. The Ford Ranger of today is of similar size to the Ford F-150 of 25 years ago.