Rust provides for example NonZeroU8 which is an 8-bit unsigned integer that's never zero, leaving it with 255 possible values and a convenient niche. You cannot make one of these yourself directly, because the mechanism used by Rust itself is a deliberately perma-unstable compiler-only proc macro which says "Hey compiler, I promise I only ever use bit patterns 0x01 through 0xFF inclusive".
Today you can either - hide a NonZero type inside your type and use that to get the niche, or, use an enum itself which automatically knows ever pattern it didn't use is a niche. In the future a hypothetical "Pattern Types" feature would let you make such types yourself as easily as Rust does
Personally I would like to make a Balanced set of types, like BalanacedI8 (the 8-bit integers except the most negative, so -127 to +127 inclusive) because I think lots of people have a use for types like i8 or i32 but don't need their unbalanaced most-negative value and could re-purpose it this way. And you can make such types... indeed I have... but it's only really practical in unstable Rust.
For a system language I wish Rust would support such things rather than coming with NonZero hacks.
NonZero isn't a hack: it's an example of a common pattern. If pattern types were available today, you'd still want NonZero, as an example of a pretty standard pattern.
The idea is, as always: prove out the specific version, then generalize.
(typep 3 '(or (integer 0 10) (integer 50 100)));; => T