This feature is Pro phones only, not Duo: https://www.apple.com/iphone/compare/ ("Apple Reference Image (Fusion Main)")

So only on devices with LiDAR / that can capture depth map.

If there is signed metadata too, then it's pretty hard. You will need to match focus distance (it will be very small if photographing picture), GPS location, exposure and other settings. If there is a depth map, you'll need to match it too.

Adding depth sensor info to the this could help