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Also, why there's no accountability?

Even if there's no intent, it's still a cyber attack.

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Exactly. Think what would happen if it was a Chinese LLM company behind such an attack...
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Who could possibly hold them accountable?
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OpenAI is currently under investigation by a coalition of state attorney generals: https://www.nytimes.com/2026/06/13/technology/states-investi...

A state coalition extracted $17B from Meta earlier this year, so consequences can happen, although our legal system moves very slowly.

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A district attorney that would want to make themselves a name, perhaps?
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Good luck getting any form of punishment even if found guilty. It's a department of war contractor... People who disrupt things like that end up committing suicide.
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It’s interesting that a lot of U.S. law requires intent. If you just give AI your objective without specifying the means, and the AI violates a bunch of laws requiring intent, but neither the AI nor the person can be prosecuted, this is very convenient.
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I don't think this true. If I throw a brick out my window and it hurts someone, I can still be held criminially liable, even if I didn't mean to do it.

Do drunk drivers intionally kill people on the road?

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Not a lawyer, but the other responder definitely isn’t either.

Whether intent is required is down to how the law is written. For many offenses “strict liability” applies, where intent is not required, they only have to prove you did it, not what your intent was.

DUI is typically a strict liability crime. They don’t need to prove that you intended to drive drunk, only that you did drive drunk.

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A strict liability crime is something of an oxymoron. Crimes always require intent, the mens rea element. The question is intent for what. If somebody drugged you without your knowledge and you were charged with a DUI, you would have a defense--no intent to become intoxicated.

The strict liability means once you choose to become intoxicated, you're liable for driving intoxicated, even if in some other context your intoxication would mean you couldn't form the requisite intent for something, e.g. have sex.

If there's too much distance between the act you intend to do and the strict liability acts that complete the crime, then the crime would be considered unconstitutional.

Criminal law in common law systems emerged from tort law, so there are many parallels, including the notion of strict liability. (Thus the old axiom about crimes being an offense to the king, specifically an injury to the peaceful society he's ostensibly trying to maintain.) But criminal law has a moral dimension that is absent or muted in other areas, so strict liability could never be as expansive as in tort law or regulatory law.

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That is just not true. You can be held liable for DUI even if you did not intend to become intoxicated (though this may vary somewhat state-by-state). Speeding is another example - you do not need to intend to go over the speed limit, it just matters that you did it. The only possible exception would be duress or necessity, but those are affirmative defenses, which are separate from the elements of the offense.
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Are you a lawyer?

Fairly certain that the entire point of strict liability is that mens rea is not required for certain crimes. As in, if I meant to travel at 70 and was instead doing 100 it doesn’t matter that I sincerely meant not to speed and did not know I was speeding, I can still be convicted even if the judge believes I had no intent.

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The way we use mens rea in our legal system is more like "mind of the criminal," not outright literal intent.

Negligence can be "unintentional" but still land you in the realm of having a guilty criminal mind.

I find it to be a reasonable take. If you're accidentally going 100 in a 70 (which is a misdemeanor in california), you're not being a careful enough driver, and we deem that lack of care criminal.

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> Negligence can be "unintentional" but still land you in the realm of having a guilty criminal mind.

That’s just another way of saying “not all crimes require a guilty mind” with extra steps

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> As in, if I meant to travel at 70 and was instead doing 100 it doesn’t matter that I sincerely meant not to speed and did not know I was speeding, I can still be convicted even if the judge believes I had no intent.

IANAL but from what I've looked up in the last there's at least willfulness that matters for these things. For example if you could prove that happened because your car accelerator pedal broke and you had no opportunity to react, I'm pretty sure you would not be guilty, strict liability or not.

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At that point you are not so much "driving" as you are sitting in the driver's seat of a renegade vehicle.
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> Crimes always require intent, the mens rea element.

LMAO “there’s no such thing as negligence” I type on my phone as my car plows through the doors of a Black Angus

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Negligence, criminal or otherwise is very well defined in most legal systems.
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Intent is the difference between murder and manslaughter, in that case. Drunk driving is common enough that prosecutors will argue that getting drunk in a situation where you have to drive is intent. Get OpenAI convicted of unintentional CFAA first, then say that the negligence qualifies as intent, I suppose.
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They can still be held civilly liable for negligence, though.
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the charges here would depend on negligence and acting recklessly.

we might get something if they tried to cover it up.

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Whether it’s intentional requires a legal investigation to establish. Since when is “hey we didn’t mean it!” in a corporate press release enough to establish lack of intent in a criminal matter?
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There are different levels of intent. Take murder, for example. A premeditated murder - you sat down, in a completely calm state, and made an affirmative decision to kill a specific person, and then you went out and did it - is the highest class of murder you can commit. If you go out generally looking to be violent in a way that kills people, and you kill someone, that's still murder, but it's a step down.

But even if you didn't deliberately intend for something bad to happen, you may have been reckless. For example, you might decide to drive 90 miles per hour in a 25 mph zone. You could have a completely pure heart, but you are acting without regard for the safety of others, so you're reckless. That is enough for certain crimes and for civil liability in nearly all cases.

Then there's negligence, where you're not taking reasonable care to avoid harm to others. Negligence usually isn't enough to support criminal liability - especially for felonies - but it is enough to win a civil lawsuit over most things.

And then, as another commenter noted, there is strict liability, where there are certain things you are just not allowed to do no matter how careful you are about them or how pure your intentions are.

For what it's worth, this is not totally uncharted territory for the law. AI agents are brand new, yes, but agency relationships have been recognized by the law for centuries. Generally speaking, if someone acts negligently while they are carrying out a task at your direction, you can be held responsible. Obviously this is fact-dependent, but I don't see any reason why it would be different if the agent is made of silicon rather than carbon. It holds true, with various nuances, even for less-than-human instrumentalities like a pet or an otherwise-lawful weapon.

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CFAA says doesn't require intent, you use a computer system the way it "wasn't intended", you're liable.
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At some point that recklessness looks like intent
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>It’s interesting that a lot of U.S. law requires intent.

mens rea and the shift from responsibility to moral guilt is genuinely one of the stupidest legal innovations anyone has ever come up with, it's like affirmative action for imbeciles, in particular in a world of autonomous machines.

"sorry my self driving car ran you over on the way home, didn't think it could happen, sorry it did though"

I think this is a genuine reason to be bullish on the legal traditions like Nordic tort law or East Asian collective responsibility when it comes to adoption of these technologies.

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We have a word for attack with no intent. It's accident.
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> We have a word for attack with no intent. It's accident.

And we have a word for an accident caused by people that failed to implement proper risk mitigation, were not paying attention, and should have known better. It’s negligence.

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i think (criminal) negligence is more like it
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Because right now the Department of Justice is shut down for causes that the administration supports, which includes OpenAI, and none of the victims want to sue over it.
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No harm, no foul. Dog owners are on the hook for damages resulting from their dogs, but there must be some damage in the first place. If the dog gets loose and goes in your fenced backyard, disregarding your "no trespassing" sign, you can't punish the dog owner just because. Hacking into a server is closer to the latter. At best rubygems can claim some cleanup costs.
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Tell that to the script kiddies with a criminal record for "hacking" into their school's computer systems by entering "username: admin" and "password: password".
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Right, because in that case you'd have a hard time convincing the court that the access wasn't intentional. You might not know the law existed, but you intended to access the system. You'd have a pretty solid defense if you ran a crawler that was crawling every website ever, and stumbled upon some secure site. In fact there are companies which does this exact thing, eg. shodan.
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If any remediation was required, that's damage. This looks a lot smaller than the HuggingFace hack but it still required some cleanup.
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Remediation mostly involved repairing pre-exising holes in the fences that the dog crawled through.
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Since when isn’t that a cyber attack?
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Because "attack" implies intent. Accidentally break a window? You might be on the hook to fix it, but you're not going to jail. Break the same window at 3am, while carrying a duffel bag and other burglary tools? Well that's (attempted) burglary, even if you chicken out and didn't steal anything.
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That's not really true. Unauthorized access to a system is a crime regardless if there was damage.

https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1030

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You read your own source?

>having knowingly accessed [...]

>intentionally accesses a computer without authorization [...]

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Ah I see you're releasing OpenAI from being the one controlling the tools and giving the agent agency.

I'd argue they intentionally accessed systems they weren't meant to as they were the ones running the bots.

I don't think you or I would get the same leniency if a bot on our network did the same.

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>I don't think you or I would get the same leniency if a bot on our network did the same.

Well yeah, because if you coded a bot, realistically the two options are: 1) bot that crawls random sites/computers 2) bot that crawls random sites/computers, while trying a password list. The former is probably legal, there are whole companies dedicated to doing that, eg. shodan. With the latter, it's pretty obvious you're intending to break into computers, and hard to argue otherwise. Where openai lies on the spectrum between the first case and the second case is up for debate, but it's hard to argue it's anywhere close to the latter. Maybe you'd have a point if openai gave it a prompt like "you're a hacker for anonymous, just do whatever :)".

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> but it's hard to argue it's anywhere close to the latter.

No it absolutely isn’t. These things did not learn hacking from thin air.

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> No harm, no foul.

What? That’s not how criminal law works, at all.

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Yes, that's actually how it works: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens_rea
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Recklessness is a mens rea and given how often OpenAI and its spokespeople talk about safety and alignment, it's hard to argue they were unaware of the risk.

https://lawprof.co/definition/recklessness/

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>it's hard to argue they were unaware of the risk.

So what does it mean for an owner of a german sheppard, who specifically got it because they want a ferocious dog that can bite intruders, then it turned out it bit the mailman? Should that be considered a crime (assault) in addition to paying the mailman's medical bills? That's not to say there's no circumstance where recklessness might be warranted, eg. if you let loose a bear in an elementary school, but you'd have to argue for more than "they hacked someone" and "they knew about the risks".

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Considering RubyGems was part of the HF story, seems likely to be connected.
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That was my reaction. I assumed this was the compromised organization that allowed escalation on the artifactory server.
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