For telegram it's a bit easier yes, but the user can set up an additional password. I have done so of course. Note that telegram is not E2EE so they can give your stuff to the police at any time unlike WhatsApp and signal.
For signal I don't know as I don't really use it but i understand it works the same way as WhatsApp, scan a QR code and authenticate to the phone.
Also, with all 3 systems it's clearly visible when you look at the linked systems.
SMS is used to register WhatsApp to a new phone, but that signs the original phone out. Also, you need the pin code that WhatsApp forces you to set. If you don't have it you have to wait a week if you got a recycled number. Also the original account holder is notified you tried it.
So this method cannot be used by the police to snoop unnoticed. I believe signal works the same as WhatsApp here, it also forces you to set a pin now.
For telegram this can be used yes but you can set an optional extra password. And also like I said telegram is not E2EE anyway so it's open to warrants.