I've been trying to find a solution for this too! I was considering using Rclone but too many things are using SQLite for me to trust rsync. I was also going to go with CoreOS but I'm leaning towards Fedora Cloud now in case I need to manage things a bit more (and "auto updating" is not something I want as that suggests auto rebooting).

Your secrets.yaml makes me nervous though - too easy to miss a key and leave something exposed. Why not just add the whole file to the vault?

If your system has a way to take consistent snapshots in the filesystem (btrfs, zfs) or volume manager (lvm2, perhaps with a bit of filesystem support to obtain fs consistency), that can be used to avoid database downtime, if desired.

https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/backup-file.html

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