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Overcast days are the worst offenders for sunburn because the melanin impaired don’t feel the heat of the sun to remind them they are going to roast.
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I have always heard sunny snow days are the worst, because you feel cold, but the sun is still hitting you, plus reflecting off the snow to hit you twice.
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You can get sunburn from light reflecting off water as well, in hot places. Maybe not on its own, but certainly in conjunction with direct sunlight.
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Depends which part of the world you are in. I've never been sunburnt on an overcast day where I live.
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It depends a lot on the position of the sun in the sky too. It can be warm around sunset and sunrise, but because the sun is so low to the horizon, it is passing through more atmosphere.

I spent a lot of time out in the sun by the Dead Sea and did not burn at all, since the very low altitude seems to have provided me with extra protection, whereas nearby on the shores of the Red Sea, at sea level, I did burn with similar levels of exposure.

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