JIT compilers are essentially producing self-modifying programs (or, indeed, dynamically loaded libraries).
replyDynamic languages, like Common Lisp, where things can be redefined at run time likely require modification of running code to achieve high efficiency (the alternative is to just leave a general mechanism in place and accept the runtime overhead and loss of optimization opportunities from that.)
That depends how far in advance of running the code you're modifying it. You could see a JIT compiler as an extreme type of SMC. Or a Monero miner - its hashing algorithm relies on running randomly generated programs.
replyJIT and SMC are two different things because JIT is write-once-then-execute, SMC is write-many-then-execute-many. Even with reoptimisation like the JVM, you're not modifying the existing code but writing it onto a new page. That is the key difference, you're not modifying existing written-out instructions, you're creating new ones.
replyConsider a kernel that boots on several different machines with different capabilities. Patching the call instructions at init time, to point to either one version or another of a frequently used function, saves time.
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