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Not associated with the project but have been following the development, https://5bsd.org/ could be a good answer. Kory’s been adding capability enforcement for the Linux APIs on top of BSD kernel (among other cool features).
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Will definitely follow that project
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Unfortunately, capabilities based OSes, or written in mostly safe systems programming languages aren't by lack of trying.

However outside mainframes and micro-computers, or niche deployments, adoption has been a challenge.

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iOS/macos and linux both support capabilities, now the depth of those capabilities in all cases might lack depth but people are moving in this way.
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Let's take filesystem access on linux for example. You can run as a user without permission, or you can configure something like apparmor/SELinux to stop the program if it attempts do do something not on the list, or you can use containerization to build a limited world for the program to see...

But isn't this all a bit adhoc? The fundamental presumption is of unrestricted capability and then the OS provides options for restriction.

Perhaps I've misunderstood it but I think capabilities are inside out from all of that: You need to walk, so here are some legs. You need to swim so here are some fins. As-is it's more like: you can't go over there so here's an ankle monitor.

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As does Windows, that doesn't mean they are actually used as they should.
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Fuchsia is an “option”, although it doesn’t support much hardware without writing your own drivers.
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