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I will say my experience making a chromecast custom app though has been painful. It's fine to just send media though.

I tried multiple ways, contacted their support and they just kept me trying to do the same thing over and over again. For some reason I could not register my device with my development account. Tried multiple SDKs to get it to work, just ran into the same isue.

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Chromecast used to support streaming from the casting device, i make an app that used to use it. Sadly they no longer support that feature. Having everything on your device allows considerable more freedom.
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It's definitely still possible since effectively the cast device just runs a (display-less, in case of speakers) browser instance navigating to some URL and communicating with the remote using a message passing API, right? You can display whatever you want in that URL, including HTML media elements playing back HLS or MPEG-DASH streams.

I believe they used to have some default receiver app implementations that you could just send a media URL and they'd play that back; is that what they removed?

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Fwiw both Airplay and Google Cast support both modes of operation.

But frankly Apple's developer documentation sucks around this, and unsurprisingly people don't understand what's going on when even developers don't.

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Given that not even Spotify supports it, Apple can't be very serious about it. I can't be the only one who considers that a dealbreaker for a HomePod.
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